Massive MIMO for SWIPT: A Measurement-Based Study of Precoding

Claessens, Steven; Chen, Cheng-Ming; Schreurs, Dominique; Pollin, Sofie

doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445772

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As a solution, we investigated in [18] the possibility of encoding information in the two tone signal's frequency spacing in order to limit this impact. In addition, output power is shown to increase and be more stable for a high ratio (F ratio = ∆f /f cut ) between symbol rate and the rectifier's cut-off frequency [12], [19], so a modulation technique that is still decodable by the rectifier at high F ratio is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it limits the signal to a single tone, which doesn't optimize PCE. In [18], we extended the FSK technique to two tones and encode the information not in the tones' frequency but in the frequency spacing between the tones. The reason is that the intermodulation products's frequencies at the rectifier output are related to the frequency spacings of the input signal [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our two-tone FSK technique was shown to increase this decodable F ratio limit, compared to the biased ASK technique. Yet, the proposed novel modulation technique in [18] was based on, and limited to, only two tones, posing a limit on PCE since PAPR is limited to four.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to alleviate this limitation, this work is an extension of our two-tone FSK technique in [18], providing two novel, practical solutions to increase the number of tones, while still encoding information in the signal's frequency spacing, using multitone FSK for SWIPT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why we call it uniform multitone FSK. It is a straightforward increase of the number of tones, starting from our two-tone FSK modulation technique proposed in [18], allowing for higher PAPR waveforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multitone FSK Modulation for SWIPT

Claessens

Pan

Schreurs

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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SWIPT is gaining interest as it enables receivers with smaller batteries or none at all. However, the information and power transfer subsystems influence each other's performance, resulting in a trade-off. SWIPT receivers should be low power and compact, ideally resulting in an energy-efficient design where hardware is maximally shared between information and power reception blocks. We propose a novel FSK modulation scheme that uses waveforms which are known to improve wireless power transfer efficiency and can be decoded by relying on the non-linearity of the energy harvesting hardware. This hardware sharing saves area and avoids using a local oscillator. We analyze two novel multitone FSK schemes, while presenting measurement results proving the feasibility of the proposed schemes. Information transfer is based on the relation between input frequency spacings and rectifier output intermodulation product frequencies. We show that contrary to the existing amplitude variation based modulation schemes for SWIPT, the symbol rate for uniform multitone FSK in the noiseless case is not limited by the rectifier low pass filter. For our proposed non-uniform multitone FSK scheme, symbol rate is limited but spectral efficiency is much higher. We show by measurements that information transfer of at least 18 M bps using the rectifier as receiver is feasible, which is a large increase compared to other solutions. A proposed optimization increases feasible symbol rate for the non-uniform FSK scheme by at least a factor four. Index Terms-Energy harvesting, Frequency shift keying (FSK), Receiver architecture, Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), Wireless power transfer (WPT).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Multitone FSK Modulation for SWIPT

Claessens

Pan

Schreurs

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Massive MIMO: A Measurement-Based Analysis of MR Power Distribution

Guevara

Bast

Pollin

2020

GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference

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In this work, an indoor ultra-dense massive MIMO experiment is analysed to quantify the interference power that affects undesired users or victims when MR precoding is applied. To compare scenarios resulting in different favourable propagation conditions between users, the antennas are deployed as a Uniform Rectangular Array (URA), a Uniform Linear Array (ULA) and a Distributed Uniform Linear Array (D-ULA). We study scenarios where multiple users are served simultaneously. At the same time, the ultra-dense set of possible user locations is sub-sampled on a grid with a variable distance between users ranging from 50mm to 600mm. This work shows, on the one hand, that a URA antenna configuration provides the highest power to victim users and the worst power distribution towards target users. On the other hand, due to improved favourable propagation conditions for many user location pairs, the D-ULA topology reduces the power to victim users. Moreover, it guarantees that the power received by the target user will always be at least 3dB higher than any other victim user even if the users are closer as 100mm, for our analysis based on an indoor data-set and up to three target users.

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Spatial Correlation in Indoor Massive MIMO: Measurements and Ray Tracing

Shikhantsov

Guevara

Thielens

et al. 2021

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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This paper investigates spatial correlation properties of radio-frequency Massive MIMO channels. The correlation between channel vectors at the receive side is studied for the interreceiver distances up to several wavelengths. This is an important property of 5G wireless networks and its accurate prediction is desirable in many applications. Measured and simulated channels are compared using an alternative formulation of the channel correlation function, the argument of which is the distance between any two receivers in proximity of a selected region. The measurements were conducted using a Massive MIMO basestation (BS) test-bed and virtual arrays of receivers, positioned with a robotic system. The simulations were performed using the Ray-Tracing (RT) technique in a simplified model of an indoor environment, augmented with stochastic geometry elements. In addition, a Line-of-Sight channel model was derived from the RT results, and the role of the scattered power on the correlation was evaluated. The results show that the RT model predicts the correlation with an error not exceeding 10%. The variation of the correlation function profile with increasing receiver to BS separation distance is also captured by the RT model. The simulated Line-of-Sight model predictions, which account solely for direct propagation paths, were found to significantly underestimate the correlation at the sub-wavelength distance, and overestimate it at larger distances.

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Massive MIMO for SWIPT: A Measurement-Based Study of Precoding

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Multitone FSK Modulation for SWIPT

Multitone FSK Modulation for SWIPT

Massive MIMO: A Measurement-Based Analysis of MR Power Distribution

Spatial Correlation in Indoor Massive MIMO: Measurements and Ray Tracing

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