Massive MIMO for 5G: Theory, Implementation and Prototyping

Edfors, Ove; Liu, Liang; Tufvesson, Fredrik; Kundargi, Nikhil; Nieman, Karl

doi:10.1002/9781119116493.ch9

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In order to acquire the main themes of 5G networks, MIMO systems with an increased number of radiation elements must be considered for future wireless networks 2,3 . MIMO technology with multiple antennas can significantly amend the reliability function 4,5 . It has been extensively used in 4G LTE and is expected to be widely used in 5G.…”

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confidence: 99%

An efficient antenna system with improved radiation for multi-standard/multi-mode 5G cellular communications

Parchin

Mohamed

Moussa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This paper introduces a multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array system that provides improved radiation diversity for multi-standard/multi-mode 5G communications. The introduced MIMO design contains four pairs of miniaturized self-complementary antennas (SCAs) fed by pairs of independently coupled structures which are symmetrically located at the edge corners of the smartphone mainboard with an overall size of 75 × 150 (mm2). Hence, in total, the design incorporates four pairs of horizontally and vertically polarized resonators. The elements have compact profiles and resonate at 3.6 GHz, the main candidate bands of the sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum. In addition, despite the absence of decoupling structures, adjacent elements demonstrate high isolation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first type of smartphone antenna design using dual-polarized self-complementary antennas that could possess anti-interference and diversity properties. In addition to exhibiting desirable radiation coverage, the presented smartphone antenna also supports dual polarizations on different sides of the printed circuit board (PCB). It also exhibits good isolation, high-gain patterns, improved radiation coverage, low ECC/TARC, and sufficient channel capacity. The introduced antenna design was manufactured on a standard smartphone board and its main characteristics were experimentally measured. Simulations and measurement results are generally in good agreement with each other. Moreover, the presented antenna system delivers low SAR with adequate efficiency when it comes to the appearance of the user. Hence, the design could be adapted to 5G hand-portable devices. As an additional feature, a new ultra-compact phased array millimeter-wave antenna with super-wide bandwidth and end-fire radiation is being introduced for integration into the MIMO antenna systems. As a result, the proposed antenna system design with improved radiation and multi-standard operation is a good candidate for future multi-mode 5G cellular applications.

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confidence: 99%

An efficient antenna system with improved radiation for multi-standard/multi-mode 5G cellular communications

Parchin

Mohamed

Moussa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a critical technique in 4G communication systems that is utilized to boost network capacity by categorizing users depending on their spatial location. This approach provides a stronger guarantee for spatial multiplexing, although it acquires challenging issues such as near-far power control and time and frequency synchronization from point-to-point systems [16].…”

Section: Mmimo Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sizeable new antenna array technique massive MIMO (mMIMO), often referred to as large-scale MIMO, further scales the gains of MU-MIMO. These systems have many times more antennas at the base station (BS) than traditional MIMO systems, allowing them to serve dozens of UEs simultaneously [16,17].…”

Section: Mmimo Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], mMIMO provides significant improvements in spectral efficiency (SE), reducing energy consumption, and minimizing network interference via channel hardening, favorable propagation, and low complexity signal processing. Such improvements are crucial to addressing the demands of data-centric systems with the increasingly precious spectrum and energy resources.…”

Section: Mmimo Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, disturbances from other users remain in the received signal due to the lack of active interference mitigation. In typical scenarios, MRT suppresses interference naturally with a boost in the amount of BS antennas and there is orthogonalization of user channels as the limit is approached [16].…”

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A Survey of NOMA-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems

Apiyo,

Izydorczyk

2024

Electronics

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The Internet of Everything is leading to an increasingly connected intelligent digital world. Envisaged sixth-generation wireless networks require new solutions and technologies due to stringent network requirements. The benefits of cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have brought substantial attention to these approaches as potential technologies for future networks. In CF-mMIMO, numerous distributed access points are linked to a central processing unit, which allocates the same time-frequency resources to a smaller group of users. On the other hand, NOMA can support more users than its orthogonal counterparts by utilizing non-orthogonal resource allocation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and survey of NOMA-aided CF-mMIMO (CF-mMIMO-NOMA). Specifically, we present a comprehensive review of massive MIMO, CF-mMIMO, and NOMA. We then present a state-of-the-art research review of CF-mMIMO-NOMA. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential of combining CF-mMIMO-NOMA with other enabling technologies to enhance performance.

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