Massive dissemination of adult glioblastomas

Willard, Nicholas; Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters, Bette K.

doi:10.5414/np300882

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…16,17 In contrast, high-grade gliomas exhibit ependymal enhancement on MRI, 18 and autopsy cases of glioblastomas progressing into the subventricular area have been reported. 19 Although periventricular extension is not unexpected in malignant transformed PXA and APXA cases, this is the first case of histopathologically confirmed APXA-related tumor with periventricular extension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

An anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with periventricular extension: An autopsy case report and review of the literature

et al. 2020

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Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are rare lowgrade astrocytic tumors that typically present as superficial nodular cystic tumors of the cerebrum attached to the leptomeninx. Histologically, they are pleomorphic, hypercellular glial neoplasms. Despite the presence of microscopic pleomorphism, patients' postoperative prognosis is generally good. Anaplastic PXAs (APXAs) have a high mitotic index and patients with APXAs have a worse prognosis than patients with PXAs. Here, we report an autopsy case of APXA initially diagnosed as PXA. After gross total resection, the tumor recurred and was diagnosed as an APXA; thereafter, the patient died. An autopsy revealed that the tumor had relapsed at the primary site and had spread to the leptomeningeal space while concurrently invading the cerebrum including the periventricular area forming multifocal lesions. The histological findings of the autopsy were similar to those for epithelioid glioblastoma (EGBM) and small cell glioblastoma (SCGBM). In particular, the periventricular area with multifocal lesions was composed of SCGBM-like cells. It has been shown that multifocal lesions are frequently identified in patients with SCGBM. This is the first histopathologically confirmed case of APXA-related tumor presenting with periventricular extension and multifocal lesion formation. The periventricular extension might be a feature of PXAs and APXAs. However, suspected periventricular spread on imaging in past cases of PXAs and APXAs might instead represent the malignant transformation of these tumors to glioblastoma-like high-grade tumors, which often show SCGBM-like histological patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

An anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with periventricular extension: An autopsy case report and review of the literature

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast, autopsy series have reported dissemination rates up to 25% 19, 20. As mentioned, Willard and Kleinschmidt-DeMasters 18 identified 4 metastases in 8 cases of GBM, including 1 with a primitive neuronal component. In an early autopsy series in the 1970s, Erlich and Davis found that 5 of 20 spinal cords of patients with GBMs had spinal metastases 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In that study, 53 patients (median age 54 years) with GBM with primitive neuronal components were examined, and 8 (15%) developed cerebrospinal fluid metastases. In an autopsy series of 8 patients with a GBM diagnosis by Willard and Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, 18 4 patients showed metastases, 1 with a primitive neuronal component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spinal Metastases of Supratentorial Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuronal Component

Vollmer

Pantazis

Añon

et al. 2019

World Neurosurgery: X

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Background Glioblastoma multiforme with a primitive neuronal component is a rare entity, with few cases reported in the literature. Case Description A patient who had a supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme with a primitive neuronal component developed spinal metastasis during the disease course. With his history of leukemia during childhood, he was likely exposed to therapeutic ionizing brain radiation, which could have increased the risk of developing brain cancer in adulthood. Conclusions The range of incidence rates of dissemination in the literature is 2%–4%, typically in cases of cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme, but as high as 25% in autopsy series. Our case highlights several other topics in the literature, such as immunohistochemical patterns that differ between the primary tumor and spinal metastases and dissemination locations, typically leptomeningeal or ventricular invasion.

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“…A study reported that 2 of 4 patients with IDH1 -mutated glioblastoma developed leptomeningeal metastases. 14 One patient with IDH1 -mutated secondary glioblastoma had prolonged survival for 11 years, and autopsy showed encasement of the entire bilateral ventricular system through subventricular spread. However, no bone marrow spread was detected despite multiple bone marrow sections examined in the autopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple metastases to the bone and bone marrow from a 1p/19q-codeleted and IDH2-mutant anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a case report and literature review

Shimizu

Motomura

Ohka

et al. 2020

Neuro-Oncology Advances

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Massive dissemination of adult glioblastomas

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

An anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with periventricular extension: An autopsy case report and review of the literature

An anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with periventricular extension: An autopsy case report and review of the literature

Spinal Metastases of Supratentorial Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuronal Component

Multiple metastases to the bone and bone marrow from a 1p/19q-codeleted and IDH2-mutant anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a case report and literature review

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