Mass transfer processes in KDP crystal growth from solutions

Step bunching in crystal growth from solutions: Model of nonstationary diffusion layer, numerical simulation

“…The occurrence of step bunches has been studied theoretically in numerous papers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][13][14][15][16] (we by no means claim that the present review is comprehensive). It is assumed that the initial source of instability of a regular train of steps generated by a dislocation source giving rise to bunches is scattering of a train of elementary steps by impurities and surface diffusion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

On the origin of supersaturation barriers during the growth of single crystals from aqueous solutions containing impurities - a review

“…[2][3][4]). In 1987 Bredikhin et al [5] reported two different supersaturation barriers σ d , σ* for the growth rate R of the (100) face of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) in the presence of Fe(III) and Al(III) ions, such that for supersaturation σ < σ d there is no growth, for σ d < σ <σ* the growth rate slowly increases following the classical BCF parabolic law, while for σ > σ* the growth rate rapidly increases following a R[(σ −σ*) 5/4 ] dependence. Similar observations were later reported by Rashkovich et al [6][7][8][9], who studied the effect of trivalent cations on the displacement velocity v of steps on the (100) and (101) faces of KDP crystals.…”

Comparison of interferometry, schlieren and shadowgraph for visualizing convection around a KDP crystal

“…Optical techniques have been extensively employed to image the convection field around a growing crystal from its aqueous solution [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. More recently, Bredikhin et al [9] used a technique based on optical schlieren method for an in situ investigation of growing crystal morphology under real rapid growth condition.…”