Comparison of interferometry, schlieren and shadowgraph for visualizing convection around a KDP crystal

A Schlieren study of the effect of ramp rate and rotation on convection around a crystal growing from an aqueous solution

“…As discussed in Ref. [14], this state is characterized by stable stratification of the solution, the convection currents diminishing in strength to negligible levels. The growth of the crystal practically stops at this stage.…”

“…2, as well as their average intensity progressively increases with time, indicating a depletion of the salt in the aqueous solution. For long times, a stable stratification in density (and hence salt concentration) was obtained in the growth chamber [14]. The rate of increase of the crystal size was negligible at this stage.…”

“…In the present work, experiments have been conducted by continuously rotating the growing crystal at 15 rpm. The test cell used in the present work is similar to the one employed by the authors in an earlier work [14].…”

“…The role of convection towards improving crystal quality has been particularly emphasized in these studies. In a recent work, the authors of the present work compared interferometry, schlieren and shadowgraph techniques for mapping convection around a crystal growing from its aqueous solution [14]. The schlieren technique emerged as the most suitable in this context.…”

Reconstruction of time-dependent concentration gradients around a KDP crystal growing from its aqueous solution

“…Similarly, the concentration fields for all the view angles are calculated independently from the recorded schlieren images. The steps involved in determining the ray-averaged concentration field from the schlieren images have been demonstrated earlier by the authors elsewhere [10,22,23]. A detailed procedure for analyzing schlieren images can also be found in the literature [4].…”