Mass Spectrometry for Paper-Based Immunoassays: Toward On-Demand Diagnosis

Abstract

Current analytical methods, either point-of-care or centralized detection, are not able to meet recent demands of patient-friendly testing and increased reliability of results. Here, we describe a two-point separation on-demand diagnostic strategy based on a paper-based mass spectrometry immunoassay platform that adopts stable and cleavable ionic probes as mass reporter; these probes make possible sensitive, interruptible, storable, and restorable on-demand detection. In addition, a new touch paper spray method was developed for on-chip, sensitive, and cost-effective analyte detection. This concept is successfully demonstrated via (i) the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 antigen and (ii) multiplexed and simultaneous detection of cancer antigen 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen.

Recent applications of paper‐based point‐of‐care devices for biomarker detection

“…da Silva and co‐workers have published a review on the technologies, applications, and advances of the PSI technique and the development of portable MS and the coupling of PSI and portable MS . Furthermore, paper‐based electrochemical cell coupled to MS was proposed for monitoring of EC reactions in situ, such as oxidations of cysteine, dopamine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and diphenyl sulfide , paper‐based ESI‐MS was developed for monitoring of the amine‐aldehyde condensation reaction of butylamine and benzaldehyde and paper‐based enzyme‐free MS immunoassay was invented as a new platform for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine‐rich protein 2 antigen, cancer antigen 125 (CA‐125) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . These new developments and high resolution MS miniaturized systems or portable MS would enable the coupling of MS to PADs, which can be beneficial for rapid, on‐site, and high‐throughput analyses.…”

Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring

“…Chen et al. [ 101 ] have also developed a paper‐based mass spectrometry immunoassay platform that can be done as a point‐of‐care test, making it easier for use and potential application. In clinical microbiology, the use of ESI‐QqQ has been explored for microbial identification, virulence assessment and typing information, [ 102 ] identification of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, [ 103,104 ] glycosaminoglycan quantification in mucopolysaccharidoses, [ 105 ] and serum disaccharides in invasive fungal infections.…”

Tissue metabolomic profiling to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of reduning injection on LPS-induced acute lung injury rats

“…11,12 MS has the advantages of low detection limits, large dynamic range and better spectral resolution, so, it can provide sensitive and reliable detection for both large biomolecules and small molecules. 13,14 In this study, rat tissue samples were collected from normal, ALI model and RDNtreated group. And a global metabolomic strategy was established to broaden metabolites coverage that based on two consecutive extractions of the lung tissue with a combined UPLC-MS untargeted analysis technology.…”