Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Real-Time Transport of Plasma-Generated Ionic Species Through an Agarose Tissue Model Target

Oh, Jun Seok; Szili, Endre J.; Hong, Sung-Ha; Gaur, Nishtha; Ohta, Takayuki; Hiramatsu, Mineo; Hatta, Akimitsu; Short, Robert D.; Ito, Masafumi

doi:10.2494/photopolymer.30.317

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…• The effect of CAP treatment is observed millimeters deep in hydrogels [45,57,72], suggesting that treatment can be achieved in real tissues beyond superficial layers. • While delivery of RONS by CAP is an on/off phenomenon, diffusion still occurs for minutes to hours inside the tissue model [59,67,71,71] due to a slow transport phenomenon. This time-lag allows RONS to accumulate in the treated tissue (e.g.…”

Section: Depth and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Storage in oil has also been shown to preserve water content [16]. In order to avoid bias and considering the quick preparation of the gel, it could also be prepared before each experiment (as its preparation is very quick) or days before and properly stored [59,69].…”

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They change in color/fluorescence when reacting with RONS, thus allowing to detect one or more specie either very quickly in a qualitative manner (examining the size and depth of the colored area) or quantitatively by spectroscopy (fluorescence/absorbance) and imaging. Other analysis techniques without reporters have been used (mainly UV-vis spectroscopy [43,67,69,72] but also electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry [59]) but will not be detailed here as they are out of the scope of this paper. Even if other cold plasma elements (UVs, electric field, charged species) have an effect on cells, the main plasma-cell interaction is mediated by RONS [1][2][3][4]7].…”

Section: Reportersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• While delivery of RONS by CAP is an on/off phenomenon, diffusion still occurs for minutes to hours inside the tissue model [59,67,71,71] due to a slow transport phenomenon. This time-lag allows RONS to accumulate in the treated tissue (e.g.…”

Section: Depth and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gel models to assess distribution and diffusion of reactive species from cold atmospheric plasma: an overview for plasma medicine applications

Thulliez¹,

Bastin²,

Nonclercq³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The emerging field of plasma medicine opens new therapeutic opportunities with the use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool for the treatment of tissues in various medical indications. Yet, the complexity of this very reactive medium combined with a high dependence on its environment and generation parameters make it difficult to predict and optimize such treatment. To this end, a simple yet robust and accurate tissue phantom allowing to study the penetration and distribution of plasma action in simulated in vivo conditions has been developed by several groups. It combines a hydrogel-based matrix closely resembling tissues and chemical reporters incorporated in the gel to measure the delivery of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) by the plasma. This paper reports the use of these models in the literature to give an overview of the state of the art, their capabilities and the further research required to improve it. First the hydrogels composition (i.e. gelatin and agarose) is discussed, as well as the parameters allowing to fine tune the model. In particular, we show that modifying mass fraction has been reported to mimic several types of tissues and that different model configurations allow to test different treatments conditions, including the barrier effect of skin or the direct treatment of a tissue bulk. The role of other critical parameters is highlighted, including manufacturing, diffusion, electrical characteristics but also liquid composition, thickness, aging and temperature influence. Secondly, RONS reporters used in the plasma medicine literature (colorimetric/fluorometric dyes) are summarized. The analysis techniques are discussed and the dyes characteristics (i.e. wavelength, specificity, concentrations) are reported. Finally, the influence of medium and time on these measurements are covered. For both sections, the limitations of these current models are presented and linked to potential improvements and further research.

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Section: Depth and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reportersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depth and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gel models to assess distribution and diffusion of reactive species from cold atmospheric plasma: an overview for plasma medicine applications

Thulliez¹,

Bastin²,

Nonclercq³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Local supply of reactive oxygen species into a tissue model by atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet exposure

Kawasaki

Mitsugi

Koga

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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The supply of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) into a tissue by plasmas must be controlled for the safe and effective use of plasma technologies in biomedical applications. In this study, the two-dimensional distributions of ROSs after passing through an agarose tissue model by the plasma-jet exposures were visualized using a KI-starch gel reagent to evaluate the local ROS supply. Partial ROS supply on the tissue model surface induced the local ROS supply in a pointlike shape just under the plasma-exposed spot. The O3-containing gas exposure without direct plasma contact could not induce the local ROS supply. Therefore, the local ROS supply was assumed to be induced by plasma-specific effects. However, the results also indicated that the plasma jet coming in direct contact with the tissue model surface did not necessarily induce the local ROS supply. The effects of the tissue model thickness on the local ROS supply were also studied; the local ROS supply could penetrate to a depth of 2 mm in the tissue model under the given experimental conditions.

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Understanding the Role of Plasma Bullet Currents in Heating Skin to Mitigate Risks of Thermal Damage Caused by Low-Temperature Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jets

Hashimoto

Fukuhara

Szili

et al. 2023

Plasma

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Low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are generally considered a safe medical technology with no significant long-term side effects in clinical studies reported to date. However, there are studies emerging that show plasma jets can cause significant side effects in the form of skin burns under certain conditions. Therefore, with a view of developing safer plasma treatment approaches, in this study we have set out to provide new insights into the cause of these skin burns and how to tailor plasma treatments to mitigate these effects. We discovered that joule heating by the plasma bullet currents is responsible for creating skin burns during helium plasma jet treatment of live mice. These burns can be mitigated by treating the mice at a further distance so that the visible plasma plume does not contact the skin. Under these treatment conditions we also show that the plasma jet treatment still retains its medically beneficial property of producing reactive oxygen species in vivo. Therefore, treatment distance is an important parameter for consideration when assessing the safety of medical plasma treatments.

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Mass Spectrometry Analysis of the Real-Time Transport of Plasma-Generated Ionic Species Through an Agarose Tissue Model Target

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Gel models to assess distribution and diffusion of reactive species from cold atmospheric plasma: an overview for plasma medicine applications

Gel models to assess distribution and diffusion of reactive species from cold atmospheric plasma: an overview for plasma medicine applications

Local supply of reactive oxygen species into a tissue model by atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet exposure

Understanding the Role of Plasma Bullet Currents in Heating Skin to Mitigate Risks of Thermal Damage Caused by Low-Temperature Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jets

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