Mass spectrometric determination of burnup of thorium-uranium dioxide fuel

Dynamic ion exchange chromatography for the determination of number of fissions in uranium dioxide fuels

“…Determination of Atom Percent Fission. Atom percent fission (F) (burnup) values were calculated from the HPLC determined concentrations of the fission monitor (FM) in mol-kg™1 fuel by the weight-based method, in which the weight of the fuel sample was used as a measure of the amount of heavy elements originally present in the sample (1,11); this method can be used if certain criteria are observed (1). The equation used was before irradiation and Y'Fm is the effective fission yield of the fission monitor.…”

Neodymium isotope ratio measurements by LC-MC-ICPMS for nuclear applications: investigation of isotopic fractionation and mass bias correction

“…Nd is one of the ssion products present in nuclear fuel samples or irradiated uranium and/or plutonium materials and is a precise burn-up indicator (degree of fuel consumption). [5][6][7] Therefore, Nd isotope ratios (all Nd isotopes are of interest in the nuclear eld for various purposes) are determined routinely in nuclear fuel samples or irradiated actinide materials. 8,9 In our laboratory, Nd is usually isolated from the complex nuclear sample matrix using a two-step chromatographic separation procedure.…”

Isotope ratio analysis of actinides, fission products, and geolocators by high-efficiency multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry

“…Additionally, the isotopic composition of elements like strontium, neodymium, lead, and stable isotopes (H, C, N, O, and S) encodes details about the geographic provenance and potentially the geographic origin; it is being utilized in a variety of scientific fields including forensic investigations [88,91,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. Isotope ratio analysis of various fission products can, for example, provide useful information on the burn-up of nuclear fuels [3,47,48]. Isotope dilution techniques (spiking) permit highly accurate determination of elemental concentrations [104][105][106] and radioactive tracers can be used, for example, to Table 1 Isotopic composition (in atom percent) of uranium and plutonium originating from different sources; # initial core enrichment; $ uranium materials with U-235 enrichments of significantly less than 90% can be used to build fission weapons; & Oralloy = Oak Ridge Alloy.…”