Mass Outbreak of Verrucous Dermatitis and Digital Papillomatosis Caused byTreponema-like Spirochetes in Dairy Cattle

Nagai, Fuminori; Ota, Hiroyoshi; Fujimoto, Katsuhisa; Abe, Hideyuki; Munakata, Takumi; Abe, Tatehiko; Tanaka, Minoru; Ito, Atsushi; Yamamoto, Yasuro; Ando, Tatsuya; Koiwa, Masateru; Taniyama, Hiroyuki; Kikuchi, Naoya; Kusaba, Nobuyuki

doi:10.12935/jvma1951.53.577

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In California dairy cattle, recurrent or new PDD lesions occurred in 48% of cows re-examined 7 to 12 weeks after a complete therapeutic response, 6 and they were seen in 44.2% (19/43) of such cases in Japan. 22 Such high rates of reinfection would be consistent with faeces, containing many spirochaetes, being the source of infection and that surviving spirochaetes in the feet or on the floor are too small in number to cause PDD after a relatively short period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in Japan

et al. 2002

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in Japan

et al. 2002

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“…In Japan, PDD in dairy cattle is now found in most regions (24,26,37) since the first case was reported in 1992 (20). PDD begins as a superficial dermatitis with an erosive lesion and later forms a hyperkeratotic papillomatous lesion with long hairlike projections (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains ofTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan

et al. 2009

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Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is an infectious foot disease of cattle that is prevalent throughout the world. Although it has been prevalent in Japan since the first case was reported in 1992, full epidemiological and bacteriological examinations have not been conducted. We collected 91 lesions of PDD from 80 dairy cattle on 12 farms in eight regions of Japan to isolate the spirochetes that are frequently detected in lesions. We isolated 40 strains of spirochetes from 24 cattle (30.0%) by a simple two-step culture technique, in which the biopsy samples were incubated at 4°C for 48 to 72 h in an enrichment broth supplemented with antibiotics, which improved the rate of isolation, and then inoculated on selective agar plates. All spirochetes examined were catalase positive and oxidase negative and showed weak beta-hemolytic activity. Enzyme activities were identical to those of Treponema phagedenis ATCC 27087. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that all strains isolated had >99% identity to those of the T. phagedenis type strain and of T. phagedenis-like strains isolated from PDD lesions in the United States and Europe. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR-based random amplified polymorphism DNA methods revealed considerable diversity among strains isolated not only from different cattle but also from the same individuals. These findings may provide further evidence for the role of these treponemes in the pathogenesis of persistent PDD.Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is an infectious foot disease in cattle that was first reported in Italy in 1974 (4) and is now recognized throughout the world (3,8,31). In Japan, PDD in dairy cattle is now found in most regions (24,26,37) since the first case was reported in 1992 (20). PDD begins as a superficial dermatitis with an erosive lesion and later forms a hyperkeratotic papillomatous lesion with long hairlike projections (12). These lesions are usually located on the rear of the foot between the bulbs of the heel (3). PDD often leads to lameness and decreases in body weight and milk production, causing economic loss and animal welfare problems (30).It is suspected that PDD is caused by bacteria, since treatment with antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and penicillin G results in rapid resolution of the lesions (19,29,46). Microscopic examinations of biopsy samples or direct stamp preparations of the lesions show various bacterial morphotypes, including long filaments, rods, coccoids, and helices. Although several culturable bacteria have been isolated from PDD lesions (3,7,22,30,36), it remains unclear whether all are involved in the etiology.Among the bacteria detected in PDD lesions, a large number of spirochetes are observed (6,10,25,32,39). Choi et al. detected five spirochetal phylotypes using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (6). Similarly, Moter et al. detected four spirochetal phylotypes by using in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes of the 16S rRNA gene from treponemes (23). Indeed, several Treponema species have been isolated fr...

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