Concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in Japan

Shibahara, Tomoyuki; Ohya, Tatsuo; Ishii, Ryuga; Ogihara, Yoshiyasu; Maeda, Taiji; Ishikawa, Yoshiharu; Kadota, Koichi

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12474.x

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In Japan, PDD in dairy cattle is now found in most regions (24,26,37) since the first case was reported in 1992 (20). PDD begins as a superficial dermatitis with an erosive lesion and later forms a hyperkeratotic papillomatous lesion with long hairlike projections (12).…”

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Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains ofTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan

et al. 2009

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Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is an infectious foot disease of cattle that is prevalent throughout the world. Although it has been prevalent in Japan since the first case was reported in 1992, full epidemiological and bacteriological examinations have not been conducted. We collected 91 lesions of PDD from 80 dairy cattle on 12 farms in eight regions of Japan to isolate the spirochetes that are frequently detected in lesions. We isolated 40 strains of spirochetes from 24 cattle (30.0%) by a simple two-step culture technique, in which the biopsy samples were incubated at 4°C for 48 to 72 h in an enrichment broth supplemented with antibiotics, which improved the rate of isolation, and then inoculated on selective agar plates. All spirochetes examined were catalase positive and oxidase negative and showed weak beta-hemolytic activity. Enzyme activities were identical to those of Treponema phagedenis ATCC 27087. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that all strains isolated had >99% identity to those of the T. phagedenis type strain and of T. phagedenis-like strains isolated from PDD lesions in the United States and Europe. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR-based random amplified polymorphism DNA methods revealed considerable diversity among strains isolated not only from different cattle but also from the same individuals. These findings may provide further evidence for the role of these treponemes in the pathogenesis of persistent PDD.Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) is an infectious foot disease in cattle that was first reported in Italy in 1974 (4) and is now recognized throughout the world (3,8,31). In Japan, PDD in dairy cattle is now found in most regions (24,26,37) since the first case was reported in 1992 (20). PDD begins as a superficial dermatitis with an erosive lesion and later forms a hyperkeratotic papillomatous lesion with long hairlike projections (12). These lesions are usually located on the rear of the foot between the bulbs of the heel (3). PDD often leads to lameness and decreases in body weight and milk production, causing economic loss and animal welfare problems (30).It is suspected that PDD is caused by bacteria, since treatment with antibiotics such as oxytetracycline and penicillin G results in rapid resolution of the lesions (19,29,46). Microscopic examinations of biopsy samples or direct stamp preparations of the lesions show various bacterial morphotypes, including long filaments, rods, coccoids, and helices. Although several culturable bacteria have been isolated from PDD lesions (3,7,22,30,36), it remains unclear whether all are involved in the etiology.Among the bacteria detected in PDD lesions, a large number of spirochetes are observed (6,10,25,32,39). Choi et al. detected five spirochetal phylotypes using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (6). Similarly, Moter et al. detected four spirochetal phylotypes by using in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes of the 16S rRNA gene from treponemes (23). Indeed, several Treponema species have been isolated fr...

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Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains ofTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan

et al. 2009

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“…Intestinal spirochetes in cattle and deer have been reported to be pathogenic [5][6][7], whereas those in the horse are considered to be part of the normal intestinal flora and to be nonpathogenic [1,2]. Since invasive intestinal spirochetes were demonstrated in the intestinal lesions of the present animal by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods, they were thought to have played an important role in the pathogenesis of colitis and diarrhea.…”

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Intestinal Spirochetosis in a 21-Month-Old Thoroughbred Colt.

Shibahara

Kuwano

Ueno

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 21-month-old Thoroughbred colt showed continuous diarrhea and developmental retardation for 7 months, and was thereafter subjected to euthanasia for necropsy and laboratory examinations. At necropsy, the cecal and colonic mucosae were diffusely rough and hyperemic. Histopathologically, the mucosa and submucosa were edematous and were infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes and macrophages. Meanwhile, three morphological types of Brachyspira antigen-containing spirochetes were found to be numerous in the crypts and in the mucus layer over the epithelium in the cecal and colonic lesions. They were frequently observed in intercellular gaps and in the cytoplasm of degenerative epithelial cells, and in the lamina propria, particularly in cavities around blood vessels. These invasive intestinal spirochetes might be one of pathogens inducing colitis and diarrhea in horses. KEY WORDS: Brachyspira,equine, intestinal spirochete.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64 (7): [633][634][635][636] 2002 The existence of equine intestinal spirochetes was reported in 1964 [1]. They were observed in Gram-stained smears of cecal contents from the majority of samples from 51 horses and ponies in Scotland, and were considered part of the normal intestinal flora. In 1985, two morphological types of spirochetes were found in the equine cecal contents, and this again suggested that such organisms were not pathogenic [2]. Perhaps because of these findings, equine intestinal spirochetes have received little attention. The prevalence and pathology of equine intestinal spirochetosis are not known, and associated enteritis and diarrhea have not been previously reported. This study describes the histopathological characteristics of a Thoroughbred colt with invasive intestinal spirochetes in Japan.On August 22, 2000, a 14-month-old Thoroughbred colt that had mild diarrhea (body weight 377 kg) was transferred to The Hidaka Yearling Training Farm of the Japan Racing Association (JRA) from a farm in Hokkaido. After moving onto the JRA farm, the colt was housed together with 76 other horses in a facility consisting of two stables and a large livery yard with soil. At that time, the colt took pleasure in his food and drank much water, approximately 100 to 150 liters a day. The referring veterinarian tried antiparasitic therapy with ivermectin and bithionol, anti-inflammatory therapy with flunixin meglumine and anti-hyperperistalsis treatment with hyoscine-N-butylbromide (Buscopan), but no change occurred. While being treated, fecal samples were collected for microbiological examination on September 13, but no enteropathogenic organisms, such as Salmonella, Clostridium or rotavirus were identified. The horse showed weight loss of 44 kg (body weight 333 kg) by October 10, but slowly grew to 424 kg at the necropsy. After a period of 7 months from the first diagnosis, the 21-monthold animal was subjected to euthanasia with anesthesia for necropsy and laboratory examinations on March 9, 2001. No clinical abnormality was found in any of the other horses.Several ...

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“…However, despite extensive research, a specific infectious agent has not been identified, and it has been suggested that the disease may be a polymicrobial infection (Döpfer et al, 1997). The range of bacteria cultured from DD lesions includes Campylobacter sputorum (Shibahara et al, 2002), Porphyromonas levii, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella bivia, Treponema brennaborense (Schrank et al, 1999) and as-yet unnamed treponemes (Demirkan et al, 1999;Stamm et al, 2002;Walker et al, 1995). By using culture-independent methods, such as immunocytochemistry and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, additional organisms were detected in lesions and were related to Bacteroides levii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycoplasma hyopharyngis and several Treponema species (Collighan & Woodward, 1997; Demirkan et al, 1998; Moter et al, 1998).…”

Section: Tierarztpraxis Ch-3186 Dü Dingen Switzerlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermatitis digitalis (DD), also known as Mortellaro disease or strawberry foot, is an economically important ulcerative disease affecting the bovine foot in an increasing number of countries including Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the USA and may be the dominant cause of lameness in dairy cows (Blowey & Sharp, 1988;Choi et al, 1997;Collighan & Woodward, 1997;Collighan et al, 2000;Demirkan et al, 1998;Luginbühl & Kollbrunner, 2000;Moter et al, 1998;Schrank et al, 1999;Shibahara et al, 2002;Walker et al, 1995). The reported spread between herds by veterinarians, foot trimmers and purchased animals as well as curing of the condition by antibiotic therapy are characteristics of an infectious disease (Laven, 2001).…”

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Guggenheimella bovis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from lesions of bovine dermatitis digitalis

Wyss

Dewhirst²,

Paster³

et al. 2005

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Tierarztpraxis, CH-3186 Dü dingen, SwitzerlandDermatitis digitalis is an economically important ulcerative disease of undetermined aetiology affecting the hooves of cattle. Material was examined from two independent cases of this disease in Switzerland. Cultures from the advancing front of both lesions yielded large numbers of closely related short, mesophilic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, proteolytic, Gram-positive rods. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains OMZ 913 T and OMZ 915 were identical and indicate Tindallia magadiensis and Eubacterium saphenum as their closest relatives. Phenotypically, the novel isolates are clearly distinguished from related bacteria by protein and antigen patterns, by cellular fatty acids and by API ZYM activities. The diamino acid of the Gram-positive cell wall is ornithine and the G+C content of OMZ 913 T DNA is 44?4 mol%. The phylogenetic distance from recognized taxa in the phylum Firmicutes is sufficient to place these bovine isolates into a novel genus and species, for which the name Guggenheimella bovis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with OMZ 913 T (=CIP 108087 T =DSM 15657 T ) as the type strain.Dermatitis digitalis (DD), also known as Mortellaro disease or strawberry foot, is an economically important ulcerative disease affecting the bovine foot in an increasing number of countries including Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the USA and may be the dominant cause of lameness in dairy cows (Blowey & Sharp, 1988;Choi et al., 1997;Collighan & Woodward, 1997; Collighan et al., 2000; Demirkan et al., 1998; Luginbühl & Kollbrunner, 2000; Moter et al., 1998;Schrank et al., 1999;Shibahara et al., 2002;Walker et al., 1995). The reported spread between herds by veterinarians, foot trimmers and purchased animals as well as curing of the condition by antibiotic therapy are characteristics of an infectious disease (Laven, 2001). However, despite extensive research, a specific infectious agent has not been identified, and it has been suggested that the disease may be a polymicrobial infection (Döpfer et al., 1997). The range of bacteria cultured from DD lesions includes Campylobacter sputorum (Shibahara et al., 2002), Porphyromonas levii, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella bivia, Treponema brennaborense (Schrank et al., 1999) and as-yet unnamed treponemes (Demirkan et al., 1999;Stamm et al., 2002;Walker et al., 1995). By using culture-independent methods, such as immunocytochemistry and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, additional organisms were detected in lesions and were related to Bacteroides levii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycoplasma hyopharyngis and several Treponema species (Collighan & Woodward, 1997; Demirkan et al., 1998; Moter et al., 1998). Treponemes have been detected deep in the affected tissue by in situ hybridization using fluorescent 16S rRNAtargeted oligonucleotide probes; however, the eubacterial organisms seen at the front of the lesion appeared not to b...

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Concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in Japan

Abstract: Concurrent infections with morphologically similar spirochaetal organisms may occur in the feet and colon of cattle in Japan.

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains ofTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan

Genetic Heterogeneity among Strains ofTreponema phagedenis-Like Spirochetes Isolated from Dairy Cattle with Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis in Japan

Intestinal Spirochetosis in a 21-Month-Old Thoroughbred Colt.

Guggenheimella bovis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from lesions of bovine dermatitis digitalis

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