Mass Intoxication from Accidental Overfluoridation of Drinking Water

Waldbott, George L.

doi:10.3109/15563658108990280

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The imbalance of fluoride causes diseases such as fluorosis, acute kidney and stomach disorders etc . The excessive consumption of fluoride can lead to skeletal sicknesses, metabolic ailment and spotted teeth . To regulate the concentration of fluoride in water, food and environment, there is a need to develop even more efficient and selective methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor‐Spacer‐Fluorophore Based Coumarin‐Thiosemicarbazones as Anion Chemosensors with “Turn on” Response: Spectroscopic and Computational (DFT) Studies

et al. 2018

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Anion sensing via small molecules as chemosensor carries unique significance in biological and environmental fields, where it offers several advantages over the traditional methods of ion sensing. In the current study, the receptor‐spacer‐fluorophore based coumarin thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and investigated as chemosensor against different anions. The anion interaction with thiosemicarbazone based receptors (ligands) was observed and investigated with naked‐eye and by using UV‐Visible, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The deprotonation of NH protons upon binding with F̄ was confirmed via 1H NMR spectroscopic data. Binding constants and limit of detection was also calculated. Theoretical studies via DFT calculations were also carried to understand the ligand‐anion interaction. The theoretical and experimental data was found to be in agreement, confirming the anion mediated NH proton abstraction as the mechanism that is responsible for anion sensing. Furthermore, the reason (and mechanism responsible) for anion selectivity exhibited by these chemosensors was also investigated computationally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor‐Spacer‐Fluorophore Based Coumarin‐Thiosemicarbazones as Anion Chemosensors with “Turn on” Response: Spectroscopic and Computational (DFT) Studies

et al. 2018

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“…Fluoride exposure by ingestion at high levels of concentration (1.5 ppm) has been shown to result in skin irritation and staining of teeth, gums and enamels; in excess, it could lead to fluorosis (rapture of teeth). Therefore it becomes necessary to investigate the levels of fluoride in drinking water in such an environment [7]. In many parts of the world, high concentrations of fluoride occurring naturally in groundwater and coal have caused widespread fluorosis -a serious health disease among local populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heavy Metals in Blood, Urine and Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and Fluoride Using Ion-Selective Electrode

Akan¹

2014

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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This study was conducted in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State, Nigeria. The levels of fluoride, cadmium, arsenic, lead and nickel were determined in sachet, tap and ground water. The levels of fluoride and some heavy metals were also determined in blood and urine samples with respect to age groups. The sample collection and preparation were carried out using standard procedures. The concentrations of the heavy metals were determined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPAES), while fluoride was determined Potentiometrically Using Ion-Selective Electrode. The results of this study showed that the concentration of fluoride was highest in male subject with a value of 1.65 mg/l within the age group of 51-60, while the lowest concentration of 0.02 mg/l was observed in female subject within the age group of 1-10. The concentrations of the metals studied in blood samples from male subject were significantly higher than in the female subject. The concentrations of these metals were significantly higher at an age group of 51-60, while the age group 1-10 showed the lowest concentrations. It was also observed that the concentration of fluoride in urine samples from male subject increased significantly with increase in age (P<0.05). The concentration of fluoride in borehole water from Gamboru, Bolori, Mairi and Gwange ward ranged between 0.02 mg/l and 0.01 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l and 0.11 mg/l Ni, 0.05 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l Cd, while for tap water the concentration of fluoride ranged from (0.034 to 0.73 mg/l), (0.026 to 0.54 mg/l)As, (0.15 to 0.24 mg/l)Pb, (0.08 to 0.22 mg/l)Ni, and (0.12 to 0.31 mg/l)Cd. Similarly for sachet water (Hauwa, Madube, Mustapha and Rahama waters) the concentration of fluoride ranged between 0.01 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l, 0.01 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l As, 0.001 mg/l to 0.05 mg/lPb, 0.01 mg/l and 0.0007 mg/l Ni, 0.01 mg/l to 0.05 mg/l Cd. The highest concentration of Cd in borehole water was observed in Mairi, while the lowest concentration of F was in Gamboru. Similarly, the concentration of F in tap water was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Bolori, while Ni showed the lowest concentration in Gamboru. From the above results, the concentrations of all the metals in the water samples were lower than those of the blood and urine samples, this is possible because; metals can be accumulated and concentrated in human bodies. Hence, it may be concluded that the water samples consumed by these inhabitants might not be responsible for the presence of these studied metal in the blood and urine samples.

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“…Judging from accidental mass intoxications with fluoride, we know that virtually every organ in the human body can be affected by fiuoride, with gastrointestinal symptoms prevailing (7). Even if the situation is totally dilTerent with the "physiological" anti-caries concentrations of fluoride added to water supplies, concerns about health problems from fluoridation are expressed repeatedly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms experienced during periods of actual and supposed water fluoridation

Lamberg

Hausen

Vartiainen³

1997

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Fluoridation of water is a controversial measure because of the suspicion that it has harmful effects on health. Opinions differ as to the reality of these fears. In Kuopio, after distressing disputes over the fluoridation issue, the City Council decided to stop fluoridation at the end of 1992. In fact, however, it was discontinued at the end of November, one month early, without the public being told. The aim of this study was to find out whether the occurrence of 25 selected symptoms was connected with exposure to fluoridated water. In order to do this we compared the prevalence of symptoms during the months before and after the undisclosed cessation of fluoridation and after the cessation had been officially announced. Postal inquiries concerning symptoms were sent to 1000 randomly selected adults in November, to a further 1000 in December 1992 and again to the same 2000 people in March 1993. The response rates were 40-26%. The percentage of those with two or more symptoms was the same (45%) in November and in December but decreased to 32% in March. The mean number of symptoms per respondent decreased from 1.9 in November to 1.4 in March (P < 0.001) and in December-March from 1.8 to 1.2. The decrease was most significant for symptoms related to the skin. Since the occurrence and mean number of symptoms were fairly similar during actual and supposed fluoridation, the results do not support the theory that the symptoms considered in this study are caused by the physical effect of fluoridated water. On the other hand, the significant reduction in the number of symptoms only after the respondents had become aware of the discontinuation of fluoridation reveals that fluoridation may have psychological effects which present as perceived symptoms.

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Mass Intoxication from Accidental Overfluoridation of Drinking Water

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Receptor‐Spacer‐Fluorophore Based Coumarin‐Thiosemicarbazones as Anion Chemosensors with “Turn on” Response: Spectroscopic and Computational (DFT) Studies

Receptor‐Spacer‐Fluorophore Based Coumarin‐Thiosemicarbazones as Anion Chemosensors with “Turn on” Response: Spectroscopic and Computational (DFT) Studies

Determination of Heavy Metals in Blood, Urine and Water Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer and Fluoride Using Ion-Selective Electrode

Symptoms experienced during periods of actual and supposed water fluoridation

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