Masked priming of words and nonwords in a naming task: Further evidence for a nonlexical basis for priming

Masson, Michael E. J.; Isaak, Matthew I.

doi:10.3758/bf03211536

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…It should be noted, furthermore, that experiments involving the masked repetition priming procedure have generally resulted in facilitation effects for noncognates as well as cognates (e.g., de Groot & Nas, 1991;Gollan, Forster, & Frost, 1998), an outcome that challenges our claim that lexical representation depends on meaning and form. Although the claim that standard repetition priming is influenced by conscious episodic processes cannot be ignored, masked repetition priming is also open to extralexical interpretation, on the basis of evidence that, first, form priming may be observed for nonwords (Masson & Isaak, 1999) and, second, semantic priming may be observed in the absence of stimulus identification when degraded displays are used (Marcel, 1983). Our argument is, then, that performance on these tasks reflects different sets of processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of “false cognates” in the bilingual lexicon

Lalor

Kirsner

2001

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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The results of repetition priming studies with homographs such as BANK suggest that semantic constraints restrict priming to the specific meaning invoked during the study phase. Cross-language priming studies with "false cognates" (words with similar form but unrelated meanings) suggest that form similarity may be sufficient to support repetition priming, and they do not therefore support this claim. The relevant studies have used language cues (e.g., seeing the word ESTATE in the context of other Italian words) as distinct from semantic cues (e.g., INVERNO-ESTATE) to constrain meaning, however, so that interpretation is correspondingly uncertain. The experiment described in this paper was designed to answer this question: Does sequential exposure to the English word pair MANOR-ESTATE during the study phase facilitate lexical decision to the second of these words during sequential exposure to the Italian word pair INVERNO-ESTATE (i.e., winter-summer) during the test phase of the experiment? In the experiment reported below, interpretation of false cognates was constrained by meaning rather than language, and cross-language repetition priming was eliminated for false cognates. The results suggest that lexical representation in bilinguals is organized along morphological lines rather than by language.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The representation of “false cognates” in the bilingual lexicon

Lalor

Kirsner

2001

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…We believe that effects in masked priming occur when primes and targets share overlapping representations (e.g., Frost et al, 1997, though see Masson & Isaak, 1999, for arguments favouring a nonlexical locus for masked priming effects). Thus, those prime-target pairs which share the same lexical stem, and therefore have overlapping lexical entries, such as the + M+ S+ O pairs in Experiments 1 and 2, should show signi cant facilitation in masked priming, while pairs which do not share a lexical stem will show priming effects (facilitatory or inhibitory) only at later stages of visual word recognition.…”

Section: The Classical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphological effects in masked priming have been shown in the absence of semantic priming effects in Hebrew (Frost et al, 1997; SOA = 43 ms). They have also been demonstrated in the absence of orthographic priming effects in French (Grainger, Cole, & Segui, 1991; SOA = 64 ms) and in Dutch (Drews & Zwitserlood, 1995; SOA = 66 ms), though Masson and Isaak (1999) failed to nd such effects when they examined priming of irregular in ectional morphology (kept/keep) in English using the naming task. One aim of the research reported here, then, was to determine whether effects of derivational morphology are obtained in English masked priming in the absence of priming effects for semantically and orthographically related items.…”

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Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

Rastle

Davis

Marslen–Wilson

et al. 2000

Language and Cognitive Processes

427

492

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Some theories of visual word recognition postulate that there is a level of processing or representation at which morphemes are treated differently from whole words. Support for these theories has been derived from priming experiments in which the recognition of a target word is facilitated by the prior presentation of a morphologicallyrelated prime (departure-DEPART). In English, such facilitation could be due to morphological relatedness, or to some combination of the orthographic and semantic relatedness characteristic of derivationally related words. We report two sets of visual priming experiments in which the morphological, semantic, and orthographic relationships between primes and targets are varied in three SOA conditions (43 ms, 72 ms, and 230 ms). Results showed that morphological structure plays a signi cant role in the early visual recognition of English words that is independent of both semantic and orthographic relatedness. Findings are discussed in terms of current approaches to morphological processing.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Kathleen Rastle,

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“…The visual representation of the prime in lower-case will then appear for 50 ms, and followed by the target in upper-case instantly. The target will remain on the screen until the participant responds or a 2500 ms timeout is reached (Forster, 1999(Forster, , 2003Masson & Isaak, 1999). For example, honeymoon is the masked prime, and the non-head constituent honey is the target.…”

Section: Libben Et Al (2003) Investigated the Processing Of English mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Yan¹

2018

Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics

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The primary goal of this dissertation is to understand the variation patterns in suprasegmental processes and what factors influence the patterns. To answer the questions, we investigated the variation patterns of tone sandhi in the Shanghai and Wuxi Wu dialects of Chinese.Shanghai disyllables and trisyllables have been documented to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal extension and tonal reduction. Some items can only undergo tonal extension, some items can only undergo tonal reduction, and some can variably undergo either type of sandhi. Previous works have indicated that the syntactic structure, semantic transparency, and lexical frequency of the items all play a role in the sandhi application.Additionally, the morpheme length of trisyllabic items (1+2, 2+1) is also expected to affect their sandhi application.A variant forms' goodness rating experiment, together with a lexical frequency rating experiment and a semantic transparency rating experiment, showed that syntactic structure has a primary effect on sandhi application in general. It overrides the effect of semantic transparency, especially in modifier-noun items. The nature of the lexical frequency effect in Shanghai is related to the syntactic structure of the lexical item. Morpheme length effect is not found.Wuxi disyllables and trisyllables also have been observed to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal substitution and no sandhi. Some items can only apply tonal substitution, and some can apply either form variably. Syntactic structure and semantic transparency have been iv reported to affect Wuxi sandhi application, and morpheme length is also expected to have an effect in trisyllabic sandhi application.The three rating experiments conducted in Wuxi found that due to the lexical listedness of the opaque substitution pattern, frequency influences both modifier-noun and verb-noun positively, although modifier-noun prefers tonal substitution form more. Semantic transparency effect is only apparent for verb-noun disyllables. Moreover, morpheme length also distinguishes sandhi application between 1+2 and 2+1 modifier-noun items.In all, by using quantitative rating experiments, the present study shows that tone sandhi variation is regulated by both grammatical factors, such as syntactic structure, morpheme length, phonological opacity, and nongrammatical factors, such as lexical frequency.v

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Masked priming of words and nonwords in a naming task: Further evidence for a nonlexical basis for priming

Cited by 54 publications

References 46 publications

The representation of “false cognates” in the bilingual lexicon

The representation of “false cognates” in the bilingual lexicon

Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

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