Mask‐induced contact dermatitis in handling <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 outbreak

Xie, Zhen; Yang, Yuxin; Zhang, Hao

doi:10.1111/cod.13599

Cited by 52 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Other identified contact allergens include polyurethanes (toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, hexamethylene diisocyanate) and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (formaldehyde, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) [97,98]. Trace amounts of formaldehyde can be present in polypropylene masks as a degradation by-product [99].…”

Section: Allergic Contact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace amounts of formaldehyde can be present in polypropylene masks as a degradation by-product [99]. A polyurethane sponge lined within a KN95 facemask was implicated in ACD involving the nasal bridge and zygomatic arches [97]. Retro-auricular ACD due to facemask ear loops composed of different materials including thermoplastic elastomer, rubber, and latex has been described [96].…”

Section: Allergic Contact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Manifestations in Adult Patients with COVID-19 and Dermatologic Conditions Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Care Workers

Mawhirt

Frankel

Diaz³

2020

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose of Review COVID-19 (coronavirus viral disease 2019), due to the novel SARS-CoV-2, may present with different types of cutaneous manifestations of varying pathophysiology. During the ongoing pandemic, publications reporting dermatologic findings in COVID-19 continue to emerge. Recent Findings Cutaneous vasculopathy and microthrombus-related changes including acral and sacral lesions, retiform purpura, livedo reticularis, and cutaneous vasculitis are notable findings in adult patients. Other exanthems include urticaria or angioedema, morbilliform/maculopapular exanthems, erythema multiforme, and vesicular eruptions. Increased recognition of these findings, especially those consistent with cutaneous microthrombi or vasculitis, is of particular importance. Additionally, occupational dermatologic disease related to extended personal protective equipment (PPE) use, such as skin damage and irritant or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), represents another emerging problem amidst the pandemic. Summary In this review, we highlight the various cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adult patients and occupational dermatitis in health care workers (HCWs) caring for this patient population. Keywords COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2. Cutaneous manifestations. Dermatologic. Rash. Contact dermatitis Abbreviations AAD American Academy of Dermatology ACD Allergic contact dermatitis ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 AD Atopic dermatitis AGEP Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome COVID-19 Coronarvirus viral disease 2019 CSSV Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation DiHS/DRESS Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms HCW Health care worker ICD Irritant contact dermatitis ITP Immune thrombocytopenic purpura PPE Personal protective equipment PT Patch test RT-PCR Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 SDRIFE Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema This article is part of the Topical Collection on Allergic Skin Diseases

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Section: Allergic Contact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allergic Contact Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Manifestations in Adult Patients with COVID-19 and Dermatologic Conditions Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Care Workers

Mawhirt

Frankel

Diaz³

2020

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…• In the case of a suspected ACD, test the baseline series (eg, European baseline series), 28 which contains the most common allergens that may cause mask-induced ACD such as thiuram mix, mercapto mix, fragrance mix I and II, isothiazolinones, formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers 7,8,10 ; test other allergens in addi-…”

Section: Diagnostic Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 However, the prolonged mask contact could increase the ACD "burden" in the coming months. 10 It has been reported that up to 97% of health care workers showed skin lesions related to enhanced protection measures, mainly affecting the nasal bridge, cheek and forehead in addition to the hands. 14,15 The most common symptoms were dryness and tightness, whereas the most common sign was desquamation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact dermatitis due to masks and respirators during COVID ‐19 pandemic: What we should know and what we should do

Altobrando

Placa

Neri

et al. 2020

Dermatologic Therapy

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Given the current lack of a therapeutic vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), preventive measures including mask wearing are crucial in slowing the transmission of cases. However, prolonged wearing of protective respirators, medical and fabric masks can easily generate excessive sweating, moisture and friction. Closed and warm environments heighten the skin's permeability and sensitivity to physical or chemical irritants, leading to chronic cumulative irritant contact dermatitis or, rarely, even allergic contact dermatitis. Although not representing a lifethreatening condition, contact dermatitis can have a significant impact on emergency management, as it is potentially able to reduce work performance and create emotional discomfort due to the involvement of evident body areas. To minimize the skin breakdown, adherence to standards on wearing protective and safe equipments and avoidance of overprotection should be performed. At the same time, some measures of skin care are recommended. Here, we offer some tips on how to prevent and manage contact dermatitis due to masks not only in health care workers, but also in the general population during this COVID-19 outbreak.

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“…In this study, a hydrophobic mask coating was developed with wetting resistance and self-cleaning features. A simple protocol is presented wherein a flexible, stable, reusable, and economical C-PU mask is subjected to environmental engineering processes ( Allison et al, 2020 , Xie et al, 2020 ). This study conducted fundamental research into the development of hydrophobic and anti-droplet masks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface innovation to enhance anti-droplet and hydrophobic behavior of breathable compressed-polyurethane masks

Ray

Park

Nam

et al. 2020

Environmental Technology & Innovation

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With the emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is essential that face masks demonstrating significant anti-droplet and hydrophobic characteristics are developed and distributed. In this study, a commercial compressed-polyurethane (C-PU) mask was modified by applying a hydrophobic and anti-droplet coating using a silica sol, which was formed by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) under alkaline conditions and hydrolyzed hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to achieve hydrophobization. The modified mask (C-PU/Si/HDTMS) demonstrated good water repellency resulting in high water contact angle (132°) and low sliding angle (17°). Unmodified and modified masks were characterized using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A drainage test confirmed the strong interaction between the mask surface and coating. Moreover, the coating had negligible effect on the average pore size of the C-PU mask, which retained its high breathability after modification. The application of this coating is a facile approach to impart anti-droplet, hydrophobic, and self-cleaning characteristics to C-PU masks.

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Mask‐induced contact dermatitis in handling COVID‐19 outbreak

Abstract: An otherwise healthy 23-year-old woman presented with facial symmetrical erythema and slight itching lasting 4 days. Symptoms developed after wearing a KN95 (FFP2 equivalent) mask for 2 days to prevent contracting SARS-CoV-2. One day before, the patient had consulted the

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Cutaneous Manifestations in Adult Patients with COVID-19 and Dermatologic Conditions Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Care Workers

Cutaneous Manifestations in Adult Patients with COVID-19 and Dermatologic Conditions Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Care Workers

Contact dermatitis due to masks and respirators during COVID ‐19 pandemic: What we should know and what we should do

Surface innovation to enhance anti-droplet and hydrophobic behavior of breathable compressed-polyurethane masks

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