“…First, Arabic perspectives on historical trajectories and civilizations (Buhori & Wahidah, 2017;Rauf, 2004). Second, teaching, understanding and learning Arabic (Baharudin & Ismail, 2014;Gunawan, 2009;Hizbullah & Mardiah, 2015;Rusydi, 2018;Wahab, 2015). Third, the comparison and debate of the Arabic language of Fusha and Ammiyah (Aziz, 2009;Ismail, 2002;Mufrodi, 2015;Muslimin, 2011) as well as changes and challenges in Arabic amid globalization (Hanafi, 2013;Ridlo, 2015).…”