Marriage Strategy of Structure and Composition Designs for Intensifying Ultrasound & MR & CT Trimodal Contrast Imaging

Abstract

Despite great efforts having been devoted to the design of multimodal imaging probe, almost all design principles of nanotheranostic agents subordinate to simple assemblies of building blocks, resulting in complex preparation process and discounted ability, that is, 1 + 1 < 2. In this report, a novel design strategy, marriage of structure design and composition design that can maximize imaging ability of each building block, ultimately achieving 1 + 1 ≥ 2, has been established. Moreover, a high-efficient ultrasound (US) & MR & CT trimodal contrast agent acts as model to instantiate this design strategy, wherein nanoparticles-induced nonlinear scattering and rattle-type structure-induced double scattering enhancing US imaging, and uniform distribution of Mn(2+) paramagentic centers and "core-satellite" structure of Au atoms favoring enhanced MR imaging and CT imaging, respectively have been validated, achieving optimization of structure design. Importantly, the selected components, silica, Au and MnO are endowed with excellent biocompatibility, displaying the marriage strategy of composition design with aforementioned structure optimization. In in vivo evaluations, such a biocompatible trimodal probe is demonstrated of excellent performance in intensifying CT, MR and US imaging in vivo, especially after positively charged modification by PEI promoting more probes retained in tumor. More importantly, as a universal design strategy, the involved principles in constructing such a US&MR&CT trimodal imaging probe promise great potentials in guiding designs of other materials-based multimodal imaging probe.

Coordination‐Responsive Longitudinal Relaxation Tuning as a Versatile MRI Sensing Protocol for Malignancy Targets

“…For instance, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) and –NH 2 ‐contained side chains acted as carriers and Mn 2+ donors, respectively, and the biological target of tumor, i.e., GSH,[[qv: 9c]] acts as the Mn 2+ acceptor. Akin to MON–FA–Mn, the GSH‐specific HMSN–NH 2 –Mn was also obtained via a successive process, wherein HMSN platform with a diameter of 400 nm was first fabricated via our well‐established method,17 and then aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modification was carried out for grafting –NH 2 , followed by coordination with Mn 2+ due to the excellent coordination ability of –NH 2 18. The maximum pore diameter remains less than 3 nm (Figure S13, Supporting Information) and Mn 2+ ions are also uniformly distributed in mesoporous channels (Figure S14, Supporting Information).…”

Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology

“…Their idea was to design a particle with components that would amplify the properties each harbors. The T 1 relaxivity of the particle (1.5 mM −1 s −1 ) was lower than commercial gadolinium-based CA (i.e., Magnevist: 4.6 mM −1 s −1 ), but it did display 1.5-fold signal over control in vivo [125]. Liu et al encapsulated gold nanostars in silica to allow attachment of gadolinium ions.…”

“…Particles were tracked using CT and US [132]. The previously mentioned study by Zhang used a silica shell rather than a carbon-based one but it was still able to achieve an acceptable signal due to the nonlinear scattering caused by the embedded gold and manganese oxide particles [125]. Teraphongphom et al encapsulated AuNP within a PLA microbubble.…”

<p>Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles As MRI Contrast Agents In Tumor Multimodal Imaging And Therapy</p>

“…Molecular imaging technology is of great value for tumor detection and prognosis monitoring as a result of its high accuracy and reliability for elucidating biological processes and monitoring disease conditions 1,2. Various imaging techniques which are currently in widespread use include optical imaging (OI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography (PET/SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) imaging, while multimodal imaging technologies including photoacoustic (PA) tomography are being developed 3–5…”