“…In the psychology literature, emotional attachment was used to explain close relationships between two people; the term originally referred to an individual's psychological instinct to maintain relationships with comfortable, supportive, and reliable people (Hyun and Kim, 2014). However, marketing research indicated that attachment can extend beyond personal relationships to relationships with companies, brands, and places (Park et al, 2007;Thomson and Johnson, 2006;Vaske and Kobrin, 2001;Vlachos et al, 2010;Williams and Vaske, 2003). Previous studies on attachment also indicated that consumers tend to experience strong emotional attachment when they can fulfill their needs with certain branded products that represent their self-concepts and feelings of self-connection (Fournier, 1998;Hwang and Kandampully, 2012).…”