Market-Clearing With Stochastic Security— Part I: Formulation

Effect of optimal spinning reserve requirement on system pollution emission considering reserve supplying demand response in the electricity market

“…The performance of branch and cut method using the GAMS/CPLEX and GMAS/XPRESS solver and ''outer-approximation algorithm for the equality relaxation strategy'' method using the GMAS/DICOPT software were compared to this paper's optimization method. The branch and cut method in CPLEX is extensively used in the related research such as [21,22,28] and the ''outer-approximation algorithm for the equality relaxation strategy'' method used in DICOPT is also used in similar studies [17]. The numerical results in Table 8 show developed optimization method is capable of handling the expanded CEED problem.…”

“…On the other hand, scheduling an optimal spinning reserve amount is becoming more important in electricity markets [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Increasing uncertainty in the generation side with intermittent renewable energy resource penetration and customer desire for more reliable electrical energy supply are some reasons behind the increasing role of optimal spinning reserve scheduling.…”

“…Increasing uncertainty in the generation side with intermittent renewable energy resource penetration and customer desire for more reliable electrical energy supply are some reasons behind the increasing role of optimal spinning reserve scheduling. It is a fact that spinning reserve scheduling has a considerable effect on energy markets [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and changes in energy markets change the optimal reserve amount. In other words, the way that pollution is addressed will change the generator scheduling and therefore 0306-2619/$ -see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.…”

Spinning reserve quantification by a stochastic–probabilistic scheme for smart power systems with high wind penetration

“…In these works the generation unit outages are included in the scenarios and the scenarios used for the stochastic programming scheme are the scenarios that are used for the introduced approach in this paper. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed framework the results provided by this method are compared with the results using the stochastic programming approach in [13,16,24,25] and the deterministic approach considering the total operation costs and also the reliability metrics.…”

“…A cost/benefit analysis is used is [10,11] which uses spinning reserve levels as constraints for the unit commitment problem. In [12,13] according to a set of contingencies and involuntary load curtailment the objective function is calculated for contingencies and normal operations. However, only a set of contingencies holding higher probabilities are studied.…”