Markers of dysbiosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Abstract

The results of recent studies indicate a significant role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of the study was to study the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients to identify key markers of dysbiosis in IBD. Materials and methods. Fecal samples obtained from 95 IBD patients (78 UC and 17 CD) as well as 96 healthy volunteers were used for whole-genome sequencing carried out on the SOLiD 5500 W platform. Taxonomic profiling was performed by aligning the reeds, not maped on hg19, on MetaPhlAn2 reference database. Reeds were mapped using the HUNAnN2 algorithm to the ChocoPhlAn database to assess the representation of microbial metabolic pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) level were measured in fecal samples by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Results and discussion. Changes in IBD patients gut microbiota were characterized by an increase in the representation of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla bacteria and decrease in the number of Firmicutes phylum bacteria and Euryarchaeota phylum archaea; a decrease in the alpha-diversity index, relative representation of butyrate-producing, hydrogen-utilizing bacteria, and Methanobrevibacter smithii; increase in the relative representation of Ruminococcus gnavus in UC and CD patients and Akkermansia muciniphila in CD patients. Reduction of Butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA transferase gene relative representation in CD patients, decrease of absolute content of SCFA total number as well as particular SCFAs and main SCFAs ratio in IBD patients may indicate inhibition of functional activity and number of anaerobic microflora and/or an change in SCFA utilization by colonocytes. Conclusion: the revealed changes can be considered as typical signs of dysbiosis in IBD patients and can be used as potential targets for IBD patients personalized treatment development.

Effect of long-term methylene blue treatment on the composition of mouse gut microbiome and its relationship with the cognitive abilities of mice

“…the number of Bacteroidetes and decrease in the number of Firmicutes [42]. However, in our study, on the contrary, we found a decrease in the level of Bacteroidetes on the 4 th week of the high-dose MB treatment (Fig 1A).…”

“…An increase in the level of bacteria of the genus Rodentibacter may indicate the presence of an infection [41]. Recently, Danilova et al [42] showed that the increase in the content of Proteobacteria in the microbiome is a marker of the development of inflammatory bowel disease (which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Other indicators of the of inflammatory bowel disease development are an increase in PLOS ONE…”

Gut Dysbiosis Is Related With Activity And Remission Phases Of Ulcerative Colitis And Healthy Condition

“…Consistently, we found a signi cant ability of the genus Bilophila and Fusobacterium to selectively associate with cases of UC activity/remission. This agrees with the literature that describes a functional role for these bacteria in UC [64,65,66,67] and suggests its potential clinical bene t for an early identi cation of clinical-therapeutic phases of UC [68,69].…”

The combination of mare's milk and grape polyphenol extract for treatment of dysbiosis induced by dextran sulfate sodium

“…Microbial dysbiosis in UC is characterized by an increase of bacteria Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease of bacteria Firmicutes phylum and Euryarchaeota phylum. In addition, a decrease in the index of alpha diversity, the relative representation of bacteria producing butyrate, hydrogen; increase in relative representation of Ruminococcus was also reported (Danilova et al 2019).…”