Markedly increased expression of interleukin-8 in the colorectal mucosa of inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds

Polymorphisms of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps

“…A recent study suggests that an elevated basal NF-B activity may affect disease progression rather than disease onset because the patients with mutated NOD2 with low NF-B activity tend to experience the complications at a later age (Okafuji et al, 2009). ICRPs in MDs typically develop at an old age (at least 4 years, median is about 9 years in the present and previous studies) (Ohmi et al, 2012;Tamura et al, 2013); whereas Blau syndrome is characterized by early onset, typically at ages before 3-4 years (by teenage at the latest) (Sfriso et al, 2012). Therefore, the observed four SNPs associated with ICRPs in MDs might induce a weak predisposition.…”

“…Although ICRPs in MDs are thought as a novel form of canine IBD based on the presence of idiopathic inflammation and clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy , the histological findings and localization of the lesion are different; lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in the small and/or large intestine is common in canine IBD (Allenspach et al, 2007;Craven et al, 2004;Jergens et al, 2010Jergens et al, , 2003, while the severe infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages restricted to the colorectal region is characteristic of ICRPs in MDs (Ohmi et al, 2012;Tamura et al, 2013). Therefore, these differences indicate that the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation is different between canine IBD and ICRPs in MDs, which may lead to the inconsistent results.…”

Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) Concentrations in Tumor Bearing Dogs

“…It has been reported that serum CXCL8 values are also increased in benign masses, but these levels have not been compared to that of malignant tumors (Tamura et al, 2013). Although it is known that most tumor cells produce CXCL8, the ability of these cells to express and release CXCL8 depends on a proper stimulus that might not be given with increasing malignancy (Baggiolini et al, 1989).…”

“…Additionally, serum CXCL8 is susceptible to changes in its concentration due to dilution and its reliability to predict local changes should therefore be questioned. Although some studies showed a congruent increase in local and systemic CXCL8 values (De Andrés et al, 2013;Tamura et al, 2013) a study by Konno et al (2003) found a relationship between CXCL8 and a variety of tumor parameters in drainage veins of gastric cancer, whereas no significant relationship in peripheral veins (Konno et al, 2003). Moreover, the producing cells as well as the function of local and systemic CXCL8 may differ so that both should be included and compared in future studies.…”

“…CXCL8 is predominantly produced by leucocytes and endothelial cells (Raman et al, 2007;Strieter et al, 2004;Baggiolini et al, 1989) and therefore controls leukocyte infiltrate, tumor immune response and neovascularization. Yet, serum CXCL8 has only been studied separately in various tumor types and information about its correlation with these characteristics is limited (Konno et al, 2003;Ugurel et al, 2001;Ren et al, 2003;Benoy et al, 2004;Lokshin et al, 2006;Ahmed et al, 2006;Balkwill, 2003;Schruefer et al, 2005;Rutkowski et al, 2002;Derin et al, 2007;Tamura et al, 2013;Scheibenbogen et al, 1995).…”