Marked reduction and distinct patterns of eye blinking in patients with moderately dry eyes during video display terminal use

Schlote, Torsten; Kadner, Gregor; Freudenthaler, Nora

doi:10.1007/s00417-003-0845-z

Cited by 174 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Accordingly, the previously reported decline in blink rate when performing a task on a computer in comparison with ''general conversation'' (Patel et al, 1991;Schlote et al, 2004;Tsubota & Nakamori, 1993), cannot be attributed solely to the characteristics of the digital screen. Indeed, the magnitude of cognitive effect seen here varied for the two methods of presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…One explanation for the higher prevalence of dry eye symptoms when viewing screens may be due to changes in blink patterns. Several investigations have reported that the blink rate is reduced during computer operation (Patel, Henderson, Bradley, Galloway, & Hunter, 1991;Schlote, Kadner, & Freudenthaler, 2004;Tsubota & Nakamori, 1993;Wong, Wan, & Kaye, 2002). For example, Tsubota and Nakamori (1993) compared the rate of blinking in 104 office workers either when they were relaxed, reading a book or viewing text on an electronic screen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive demand, digital screens and blink rate

Rosenfield

Jahan

Nunez

et al. 2015

Computers in Human Behavior

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive demand, digital screens and blink rate

Rosenfield

Jahan

Nunez

et al. 2015

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…Spontaneous blinking rate tends to increase in patients with DED because of tear film instability 18) . On the other hand, during VDT use, the spontaneous blinking rates of both normal and DED-affected eyes decreases when compared with those at rest 19) . In our study, the high positive predictive value indicated that VDT workers who cannot keep their eyes open for 10 seconds have an increased probability of DED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Screening of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers during occupational health examinations: The Moriguchi study

Kawashima

Yamatsuji

Yokoi

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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253Motoko KAWASHIMA, et al.: Screening of dry eye in visual display terminal workers test are simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive methods for screening DED during occupational health examinations. (J Occup Health 2015; 57: 253-258) Key words: Dry eye disease, Occupational health examination, Ophthalmologists, Quality of life, Screening, Visual display terminal Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition causing ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface 1) . Occupational changes such as increased VDT use have raised its prevalence among office workers in Japan. For example, 10.1% of the men and 21.5% of the women in an epidemiological study of Japanese office workers using VDTs were clinically diagnosed with DED; severe symptoms were observed in 26.9% and 48.0% of the male and female subjects, respectively 2). VDT use is a remarkable risk factor for dry eye symptoms 2,3) . The daily duration of VDT use is linearly related to dry eye symptoms 4) . Prolonged use is associated with symptoms such as dryness, ocular fatigue, and visual difficulty, which are reported more often than musculoskeletal pain and mental stress 4) . However, current occupational health examinations for VDT users cover only some dry eye symptoms, and DED screening is not routinely performed 5) . Further, few reports of occupational health examinations focusing on DED have been published 6,7) . The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of DED among Japanese VDT workers and identify simple methods for screening DED during occupational health examinations. The participants completed questionnaires on dry eye and physical symptoms affecting QoL, and their ability to keep their eyes open for 10 seconds was tested for DED screening. They also underwent assessment of conjunctival and corneal vital staining with lissamine green and fluorescein, measurement of tear film breakup time, and Schirmer's test for DED diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the screening methods were assessed. Results: The DED group included 218 (definite, 14; probable, 204) participants. They had markedly high frequencies of 11 dry eye symptoms, especially ocular fatigue (OR, 17.1; 95% CI, 9.9 to 29.7) and dry sensation (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.6 to 18.4), and were more often unable to keep their eyes open for 10 s. With either ocular fatigue or dry sensation as the cutoff criterion, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 89.9, 66.9, and 79.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Approximately 60% of the VDT workers were diagnosed with DED on the basis of diverse eye symptoms affecting their ability to work. The dry eye symptom questionnaire and 10-s eye-opening

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“…In an experimental study on 14 female clerks, Piccoli et al (1996) found a mean blink rate of 15.1 blinks per minute during VDU work, but did not record the blink rate for other situations. In a group of 30 patients with moderately dry eyes, Schlote et al (2004) found a mean blink rate of 6.6 blinks per minute during VDU work compared with 16.8 during conversation. Patel et al (1991) found a five-fold drop in the eye blink rate during VDU use.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 92%