Marine Sponges and Bacteria as Challenging Sources of Enzyme Inhibitors for Pharmacological Applications

Abstract

Enzymes play key roles in different cellular processes, for example, in signal transduction, cell differentiation and proliferation, metabolic processes, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and response to stress. A deregulation of enzymes has been considered one of the first causes of several diseases, including cancers. In the last several years, enzyme inhibitors, being good candidates as drugs in the pathogenic processes, have received an increasing amount of attention for their potential application in pharmacology. The marine environment is considered a challenging source of enzyme inhibitors for pharmacological applications. In this review, we report on secondary metabolites with enzyme inhibitory activity, focusing our attention on marine sponges and bacteria as promising sources. In the case of sponges, we only reported the kinase inhibitors, because this class was the most representative isolated so far from these marine organisms.

The Biotechnological Potential of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Bacteria

“…Despite the fact that the isolation and study of secondary metabolites from marine bacteria is currently at the initial stage, the obtained results show them as the most promising agents to control infectious diseases of fish. This is especially important in light of the current trend of the increasing proportion of marine aquaculture in global seafood production and its increasing role in the world's fisheries [87][88][89]. In recent years, two accessible databases have been created for storing and querying information on almost two hundred antibacterial peptides-BACTIBASE [80] and BAGEL [81,82].…”

“…In addition, marine-derived metabolites have demonstrated their immense potential to be used as natural preservatives of foods, medical and veterinary therapeutic drugs or phytosanitary agents for plant protection [4,88,90,91]. Their antitumor resource [4,32,66,92] and anti-virus [5,64] and antifungal activities [3][4][5] are very noteworthy and promising.…”

Compostos bioativos e seus alvos terapêuticos com propriedade Anti-Alzheimer: Uma revisão da literatura

“…estão se tornando um recurso altamente valioso para compostos farmacologicamente ativos, especialmente de inibidores de quinase (MEIJER et al, 2000) e, portanto, possuem potencial papel na descoberta e desenvolvimento de medicamentos. Outros exemplos, os alcaloides debromo hymenialdisine (DBH) e hymenialdisine (HD) (já citado anteriormente), que contêm grupos de bromopirrole e guanidina e que foram isolados de esponjas (RUOCCO et al, 2017).…”

Natural Peptides in Drug Discovery Targeting Acetylcholinesterase

“…Oceans are a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse structures and functions as well as potential therapeutic agents [ 75 , 76 ]. In recent years, many bioactive compounds have been extracted from various marine animals like sea snails, sponges, soft corals, marine fungus, marine algae, and marine microbes [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ]. The exploration of new metabolites from marine organisms has become popular, and approximately 10,000 bioactive compounds have been successfully isolated including polysaccharides, enzymes/protein, minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, and natural peptides [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ].…”