Marine Pharmacology in 2012–2013: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

Abstract

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2012 to 2013 was systematically reviewed, consistent with the 1998–2011 reviews of this series. Marine pharmacology research from 2012 to 2013, conducted by scientists from 42 countries in addition to the United States, reported findings on the preclinical pharmacology of 257 marine compounds. The preclinical pharmacology of compounds isolated from marine organisms revealed antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, antiviral and anthelmitic pharmacological activities for 113 marine natural products. In addition, 75 marine compounds were reported to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities and affect the immune and nervous system. Finally, 69 marine compounds were shown to display miscellaneous mechanisms of action which could contribute to novel pharmacological classes. Thus, in 2012–2013, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel pharmacology and lead compounds to the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and contributed significantly to potentially novel therapeutic approaches to several global disease categories.

Anti-inflammatory potential of invasive sun corals (Scleractinia: Tubastraea spp.) from Brazil: alternative use for management?

“…However, most of these molecules are terpenes and terpenoid derivatives from soft corals. In contrast to marine alkaloids, and including organisms from other phyla, the pathways that induce the anti‐inflammatory effect may occur by inhibiting the release of NO in macrophages, iNOS, COX‐2, TNF‐α, interleukin 6, NF‐κB, prostaglandin E2, among others …”

“…In contrast to marine alkaloids, and including organisms from other phyla, the pathways that induce the anti-inflammatory effect may occur by inhibiting the release of NO in macrophages, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a, interleukin 6, NF-jB, prostaglandin E2, among others. [5,6,69,70] One of the activities associated with aplysinopsin is neuromodulation through the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) selective inhibition. There are three isoforms of NOS; two are constitutively expressed and one induced.…”

“…The marine invertebrates, among them corals, are responsible for most of these substances, whose associated activity comprises the anti‐inflammatory effect . Recently (2012–2013), marine compounds in the preclinical stage with several related pharmacological activities, including the anti‐inflammatory effect, were reviewed . In that study, 257 marine compounds were described of which 19, mostly terpenoids, are from corals and have anti‐inflammatory activity.…”

“…[3,4] Recently (2012)(2013), marine compounds in the preclinical stage with several related pharmacological activities, including the anti-inflammatory effect, were reviewed. [5] In that study, 257 marine compounds were described of which 19, mostly terpenoids, are from corals and have anti-inflammatory activity. In a previous study (2009)(2010)(2011) by the same group using the same parameters, 226 marine compounds were described, of which 17 substances with anti-inflammatory activity were identified from cnidarians, and most of them also terpenoids.…”

Marine bacteria and fungi as promising source for new antibiotics

“…In the database of marine natural products, more than 32,000 compounds are listed (MarinLit, 2018). Approximately 30 of them belong to the global marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which comprises seven FDA-approved drugs and 22 drug candidates in Phase III, II, or I of drug development (Mayer, 2018;Mayer et al, 2010;Mayer, Rodríguez, Taglialatela-Scafati, & Fusetani, 2017;Newman & Cragg, 2016b).…”