Marine Microalgae, Spirulina maxima-Derived Modified Pectin and Modified Pectin Nanoparticles Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Trigger Immune Responses in Mice

Chandrarathna, H.P.S.U.; Liyanage, T.D.; Edirisinghe, Shan Lakmal; Dananjaya, S.H.S.; Thulshan, E.H.T.; Nikapitiya, Chamilani; Oh, Chulhong; Kang, Do‐Hyung; Zoysa, Mahanama De

doi:10.3390/md18030175

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Inc. Newtown, CT, USA). Sonicated MSmP was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 15 min to collect MSmPNPs in the supernatant [ 39 ]. The average particle sizes of MSmp and MSmPNPs are 542.4 nm and 78.6 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgae Spirulina is a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that has been used to improve reproductive efficiency in in vivo bovine studies [ 33 ]. Recently, S. maxima -based pectin (SmP), and their modified two products namely, modified SmP (MSmP) and its nanoparticles (MSmPNPs) were investigated for different bioactivities in in vitro and in vivo studies [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Modification of SmP remarkably enhanced their functionality via physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Roy

Qamar

Tanga

et al. 2021

Animals

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Molecular approaches have been used to determine metabolic substrates involved in the early embryonic processes to provide adequate culture conditions. To investigate the effect of modified Spirulina maxima pectin nanoparticles (MSmPNPs) on oocyte developmental competence, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved from pig slaughterhouse ovaries were subjected to various concentrations of MSmPNPs (0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 µg/mL) during in vitro maturation (IVM). In comparison to the control, MSmPNPs-5.0, and MSmPNPs-10 groups, oocytes treated with 2.5 µg/mL MSmPNPs had significantly increased glutathione (GSH) levels and lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following parthenogenetic activation, the MSmPNPs-2.5 group had a considerably higher maturation and cleavage rates, blastocyst development, total cell number, and ratio of inner cell mass/trophectoderm (ICM:TE) cells, when compared with those in the control and all other treated groups. Furthermore, similar findings were reported for the developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. Additionally, the relative quantification of POU5F1, DPPA2, and NDP52 mRNA transcript levels were significantly higher in the MSmPNPs-2.5 group than in the control and other treated groups. Taken together, the current findings suggest that MSmPNP treatment alleviates oxidative stress and enhances the developmental competence of porcine in vitro matured oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and SCNT.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Roy

Qamar

Tanga

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…( Table 2 ). It was recently demonstrated that the modified pectin from Spirulina maxima modulates the gut microbiota in mice, inducing mucin, IFN-α and IL-6 release, key factors for ICD activation during an inflammatory cascade [ 96 ]. Similarly, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Schizochytrium modulate lymphocyte function by targeting plasma membrane molecular organization such as physical properties (compressibility, phospholipid flip-flop, acyl chain packing, elasticity) and chemical properties (lipid domain formation) [ 126 ].…”

Section: Marine Microalgal Compounds Inducing Icd In Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy

Sansone

Bruno

Piscitelli

et al. 2021

Cells

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Regulated cell death (RCD) has always been considered a tolerogenic event. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs as a consequence of tumour cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering an immune response. ICD plays a major role in stimulating the function of the immune system in cancer during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ICD can therefore represent one of the routes to boost anticancer immune responses. According to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (2018), apoptosis (type I cell death) and necrosis (type II cell death) represent are not the only types of RCD, which also includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and others. Specific downstream signalling molecules and death-inducing stimuli can regulate distinct forms of ICD, which develop and promote the immune cell response. Dying cells deliver different potential immunogenic signals, such as DAMPs, which are able to stimulate the immune system. The acute exposure of DAMPs can prime antitumour immunity by inducing activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), leading to the downstream response by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK). As ICD represents an important target to direct and develop new pharmacological interventions, the identification of bioactive natural products, which are endowed with low side effects, higher tolerability and preferentially inducing immunogenic programmed cell death, represents a priority in biomedical research. The ability of ICD to drive the immune response depends on two major factors, neither of which is intrinsic to cell death: ‘Antigenicity and adjuvanticity’. Indeed, the use of natural ICD-triggering molecules, alone or in combination with different (immuno)therapies, can result in higher efficacy and tolerability. Here, we focused on natural (marine) compounds, particularly on marine microalgae derived molecules such as exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, phospholipids, that are endowed with ICD-inducing properties and sulfavants. Here, we discuss novel and repurposed small-molecule ICD triggers, as well as their ability to target important molecular pathways including the IL-6, TNF-α and interferons (IFNs), leading to immune stimulation, which could be used alone or in combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer prevention and therapies.

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“…Spirulina modulates several immune functions in the gut and upregulates the expression of the toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) in the ileum of aged mice [63]. Spirulina maxima-derived modified pectin modulates gut microbiota and triggers immune responses in mice [64]. The supplementation of algae-derived β-glucan alleviates diarrhea and enhances gut health in E. coli-infected weaned pigs [65].…”

Section: Algae-derived Metabolites For Microbiota-based Therapy and Immunomodulatory Activity Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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The recently emerged COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has adversely affected the whole world. As a significant public health threat, it has spread worldwide. Scientists and global health experts are collaborating to find and execute speedy diagnostics, robust and highly effective vaccines, and therapeutic techniques to tackle COVID-19. The ocean is an immense source of biologically active molecules and/or compounds with antiviral-associated biopharmaceutical and immunostimulatory attributes. Some specific algae-derived molecules can be used to produce antibodies and vaccines to treat the COVID-19 disease. Algae have successfully synthesized several metabolites as natural defense compounds that enable them to survive under extreme environments. Several algae-derived bioactive molecules and/or compounds can be used against many diseases, including microbial and viral infections. Moreover, some algae species can also improve immunity and suppress human viral activity. Therefore, they may be recommended for use as a preventive remedy against COVID-19. Considering the above critiques and unique attributes, herein, we aimed to systematically assess algae-derived, biologically active molecules that could be used against this disease by looking at their natural sources, mechanisms of action, and prior pharmacological uses. This review also serves as a starting point for this research area to accelerate the establishment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 bioproducts.

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Marine Microalgae, Spirulina maxima-Derived Modified Pectin and Modified Pectin Nanoparticles Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Trigger Immune Responses in Mice

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Modified Spirulina maxima Pectin Nanoparticles Improve the Developmental Competence of In Vitro Matured Porcine Oocytes

Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy

Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2

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