Marine microalgae from biorefinery as a potential feed protein source for Atlantic salmon, common carp and whiteleg shrimp

Abstract

Two marine algal products MAP3 and MAP8 were examined for their suitability as fishmeal protein substitutes in feeds of three prominent farmed species, through shortterm feeding studies. Algal meals were tested at 5 and 10% protein replacement levels for Atlantic salmon and at 25 and 40% for common carp and whiteleg shrimp. At the end of the 12-week period, the growth and feed performance of the two fish species did not reveal any significant difference between those fish offered the algae-based feed and those offered the control feed. The whole body proximate compositions of Atlantic salmon fed the control and algae-based feeds were not significantly different. In common carp, the lipid content in the fish fed higher level of MAP3 was significantly lower than that of the fish fed the control feed. In whiteleg shrimp, at the end of the 9-week feeding period, growth performance and feed utilization did not differ between the treatment groups. Protein content in the shrimp fed the higher level of MAP8 was significantly lower than that of shrimp on the control feed. The three species could accept the algal meals in their feeds at the tested levels, though there were some noticeable effects on body composition at higher inclusion levels.

USE OF BIOFUEL BY-PRODUCT FROM THE GREEN ALGAE Desmochloris sp. AND DIATOM Nanofrustulum sp. MEAL IN DIETS FOR NILE TILAPIA Oreochromis niloticus

“…(Tartiel et al, 2008). The inclusion level of the diatom Nanofrustulum protein in our study was higher than the maximum level tested for common carp (3.8% of total protein) which also resulted in no significant difference in fish growth when compared with a fish meal/soybean meal-based diet (Kiron et al, 2012). However, the same study demonstrated that a level of 2.1% protein from the diatom meal proved detrimental for growth of Atlantic salmon.…”

“…Some studies have tested duckweeds (El-Sayed 1992, 1999 and seaweeds (Amor et al, 2005) as protein sources in tilapia diets. Other studies have instead used microalgae to replace fish meal as a protein source in fish diets including tilapia diets (El-Sayed, 1994;Olvera-Novoa et al, 1998;Tartiel et al, 2008;Walker and Berlinsky, 2011;Kiron et al, 2012). The biofuel industry converts the lipid from the microalgae to fuel, but currently there is no major use for by-products left over after the extraction process (by-product meal).…”

Defatted Biomass of the Microalga, Desmodesmus sp., Can Replace Fishmeal in the Feeds for Atlantic salmon

“…Moisture (gravimetry), ash (incineration at 550 • C), crude protein (N * 6.25, Kjeldahl Autoanalyser, Tecator, Sweden) and total lipid (in fish -ethyl acetate extraction method, Norges Standardiseringsforbund, 1994) contents of the fish and the feeds were determined using standard protocols (Kiron et al, 2012). The energy content in the feeds and feces were determined by bomb calorimetry (C200 calorimeter, IKA, Staufen, Germany).…”

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

“…It has been stated that the success and sustainability of the shrimp aquaculture industry will depend partly on the reduction of FM usage in shrimp feeds (Yue et al 2012). For this reason, many studies have aimed to replace or reduce FM inclusion in diets by less expensive alternative protein sources, such as algae (Kiron et al 2012), bacteria (Aas et al 2006), plants (Gatlin et al 2007), invertebrates (Barrows and Frost 2014) and by-products (Fowler 1991). Meanwhile, soybean meal (SBM) is known to be one of the most successful replacers of FM, because of its favorable protein content and amino acid profile (McGoogan and Gatlin 1997;Kikuchi 1999), less expensive price than FM and availability (Hardy 2006).…”