Marine Life in the Arctic

Gradinger, Rolf; Bluhm, Bodil A.; Hopcroft, Russell R.; Gebruk, Andrey; Kosobokova, Ksenia; Sirenko, Boris I.; Węsławski, Jan Marcin

doi:10.1002/9781444325508.ch10

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The main contributing metazoan taxa include Arthropoda, Annelida, Molluska and Nematoda, with Granuloreticulosa as the largest single-celled taxon (Sirenko, 2001). As part of the increasing inventory, at least 77 species new to science were discovered over the past decade, of which about half have formally been described to date (updated from Gradinger et al, 2010). About half of these new species are crustaceans, reflecting the dominance of this taxon in the overall inventory, and most species are benthic.…”

Section: Status On Current Knowledge Of Arctic Benthic Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 98%

The future of Arctic benthos: Expansion, invasion, and biodiversity

Renaud¹,

Sejr

Bluhm

et al. 2015

Progress in Oceanography

Self Cite

106

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Section: Status On Current Knowledge Of Arctic Benthic Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 98%

The future of Arctic benthos: Expansion, invasion, and biodiversity

Renaud¹,

Sejr

Bluhm

et al. 2015

Progress in Oceanography

Self Cite

106

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“…The Arctic Ocean has been poorly surveyed and thus likely harbors a great undetected biodiversity (Archambault et al, 2010;Darnis et al, 2012). Recent estimates suggest that there are more than 4,000 species of invertebrates that inhabit the Arctic Ocean (Gradinger et al, 2010;Jørgensen, Archambault, Piepenburg, & Rice, 2016;Piepenburg et al, 2011) with greater than 90% being benthic organisms (CAFF International Secretariat, 2013). The general pattern of biodiversity decline with increasing latitude may not apply to marine invertebrates (Kendall, 1996), suggesting that a great diversity and many species await discovery (Archambault et al, 2010;Piepenburg et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

et al. 2019

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Background: Arctic biodiversity has long been poorly documented and is now facing rapid transformations due to ongoing climate change and other impacts, including shipping activities. These changes are placing marine coastal invertebrate communities at greater risk, especially in sensitive areas such as commercial ports. Preserving biodiversity is a significant challenge, going far beyond the protection of charismatic species and involving suitable knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of species. Therefore, knowledge of alpha, beta, and gamma biodiversity is of great importance to achieve this objective, particularly when partnered with new cost-effective approaches to monitor biodiversity. Method and results:This study compares metabarcoding of COI mitochondrial and 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples with standard invertebrate species collection methods to document community patterns at multiple spatial scales. Water samples (250 ml) were collected at three different depths within three Canadian Arctic ports: Churchill, MB; Iqaluit, NU; and Deception Bay, QC. From these samples, 202 genera distributed across more than 15 phyla were detected using eDNA metabarcoding, of which only 9%-15% were also identified through species collection at the same sites. Significant differences in taxonomic richness and community composition were observed between eDNA and species collections at both local and regional scales. This study shows that eDNA dispersion in the Arctic Ocean reduces beta diversity in comparison with species collections while emphasizing the importance of pelagic life stages for eDNA detection. Conclusion:The study also highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large-scale Arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools to provide a more holistic picture of coastal marine invertebrate communities. K E Y W O R D SArctic, beta diversity, biodiversity, eDNA, marine invertebrates, metabarcoding | 343 LEDUC Et aL.

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“…Consequently, the largest brine channels are frequently located at the ice-water interface adjacent to temperature-stable seawater at its freezing point. Stable temperatures and oceanic fluid exchanges within bottom ice brine channels make this interface a favourable substrate for high concentrations of bacteria, algae and small eukaryotes (Gradinger et al, 2010). Within the Arctic sea ice ecosystem, diatoms are often the major contributor of biomass and photosynthate production that drive food webs in Arctic marine ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities

Hassett

Gradinger

2016

Environmental Microbiology

126

109

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Climate change is altering Arctic ecosystem structure by changing weather patterns and reducing sea ice coverage. These changes are increasing light penetration into the Arctic Ocean that are forecasted to increase primary production; however, increased light can also induce photoinhibition and cause physiological stress in algae and phytoplankton that can favour disease development. Fungi are voracious parasites in many ecosystems that can modulate the flow of carbon through food webs, yet are poorly characterized in the marine environment. We provide the first data from any marine ecosystem in which fungi in the Chytridiomycota dominate fungal communities and are linked in their occurrence to light intensities and algal stress. Increased light penetration stresses ice algae and elevates disease incidence under reduced snow cover. Our results show that chytrids dominate Arctic marine fungal communities and have the potential to rapidly change primary production patterns with increased light penetration.

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Marine Life in the Arctic

Cited by 24 publications

References 110 publications

The future of Arctic benthos: Expansion, invasion, and biodiversity

The future of Arctic benthos: Expansion, invasion, and biodiversity

Comparing eDNA metabarcoding and species collection for documenting Arctic metazoan biodiversity

Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities

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