Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities

Hassett, Brandon T.; Gradinger, Rolf

doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13216

Cited by 126 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We previously reported from samples collected in Barrow, Alaska that sea ice fungal community structure was largely shaped by snowpack (Hassett and Gradinger, ). Our new data support these observations beyond Barrow, as members of the Chytridiomycota were found to predominate fungal communities in regions with low snowpack (< 5 cm), while spore‐forming members of the Dikarya were the most common fungi in samples collected under elevated snowpack (> 12 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub‐arctic

Hassett

Ducluzeau

Collins

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

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Fungi are important parasites of primary producers and nutrient cyclers in aquatic ecosystems. In the Pacific-Arctic domain, fungal parasitism is linked to light intensities and algal stress that can elevate disease incidence on algae and reduce diatom concentrations. Fungi are vastly understudied in the marine realm and knowledge of their function is constrained by the current understanding of fungal distribution and drivers on global scales. To investigate the spatial distribution of fungi in the western Arctic and sub-Arctic, we used high throughput methods to sequence 18S rRNA, cloned and sequenced 28S rRNA and microscopically counted chytrid-infected diatoms. We identified a broad distribution of fungal taxa predominated by Chytridiomycota and Dikarya. Phylogenetic analysis of our Chytridiomycota clones placed Arctic marine fungi sister to the order Lobulomycetales. This clade of fungi predominated in fungal communities under ice with low snowpack. Microscopic examination of fixed seawater and sea ice samples revealed chytrids parasitizing diatoms collected across the Arctic that notably infected 25% of a single diatom species in the Bering Sea. The Pezizomycotina comprised > 95% of eukaryotic sequence reads in Greenland, providing preliminary evidence for osmotrophs being a substitute for algae as the base of food webs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub‐arctic

Hassett

Ducluzeau

Collins

et al. 2016

Environmental Microbiology

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“…In the North Atlantic, Mojica et al (2016) reported elevated rates of DOC production from phytoplankton viral lysis, with a "striking reduction" toward high latitudes, where the ratio of viral lysis to grazing decreased by up to two orders of magnitude in comparison to lower latitudes. Fungi are reported to be abundant in sea ice, but have not been found in any quantity in seawater (Hassett and Gradinger, 2016). Metfies et al (2016), analyzing data for this region, did not detect many fungi (OTUs) in the water column; they were found only occasionally in waters dominated by diatoms.…”

Section: Doc Productionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Models of Plankton Community Changes during a Warm Water Anomaly in Arctic Waters Show Altered Trophic Pathways with Minimal Changes in Carbon Export

et al. 2017

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Carbon flow through pelagic food webs is an expression of the composition, biomass and activity of phytoplankton as primary producers. In the near future, severe environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean are expected to lead to modifications of phytoplankton communities. Here, we used a combination of linear inverse modeling and ecological network analysis to study changes in food webs before, during, and after an anomalous warm water event in the eastern Fram Strait of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) that resulted in a shift from diatoms to flagellates during the summer (June-July). The model predicts substantial differences in the pathways of carbon flow in diatom-vs. Phaeocystis/nanoflagellate-dominated phytoplankton communities, but relatively small differences in carbon export. The model suggests a change in the zooplankton community and activity through increasing microzooplankton abundance and the switching of meso-and macrozooplankton feeding from strict herbivory to omnivory, detritivory and coprophagy. When small cells and flagellates dominated, the phytoplankton carbon pathway through the food web was longer and the microbial loop more active. Furthermore, one step was added in the flow from phytoplankton to mesozooplankton, and phytoplankton carbon to higher trophic levels is available via detritus or microzooplankton. Model results highlight how specific changes in phytoplankton community composition, as expected in a climate change scenario, do not necessarily lead to a reduction in carbon export.

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“…Of these, Neocallimastigomycotina are gut symbionts of artiodactyls, Zoopagomycotina and Entomophthoromycotina are obligate animal parasites, while Rozellomycota (syn. Cryptomycota) and Chytridiomycota represent the most diverse and abundant groups of aquatic fungi (Richards et al, 2012;Hassett and Gradinger, 2016). Besides chytrids, members of the Venturiales (Ascomycota), Exobasidiales, Ustilaginales and Entylomatales (all Basidiomycota) are important plant pathogens that are all missed by the ITS2 primers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal identification biases in microbiome projects

Tedersoo

Lindahl

2016

Environ Microbiol Rep

177

133

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Fungi are the key players in ecosystems as well as in plant and human health. High-throughput molecular identification of fungi has greatly progressed our understanding about the diversity of mutualists, saprotrophs, and pathogens. We argue that the methods promoted by the microbiome consortia are suboptimal for detection of the most important fungal pathogens and ecologically important degraders. We recommend several sets of optimized primers for analysis of fungi or all eukaryote groups based on either short or long amplicons that cover the ITS region as well as part of 18S and 28S rDNA.

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Chytrids dominate arctic marine fungal communities

Cited by 126 publications

References 61 publications

Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub‐arctic

Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub‐arctic

Models of Plankton Community Changes during a Warm Water Anomaly in Arctic Waters Show Altered Trophic Pathways with Minimal Changes in Carbon Export

Fungal identification biases in microbiome projects

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