Marine Heat Waves and the Influence of El Niño off Southeast Queensland, Australia

Heidemann, Hanna; Ribbe, Joachim

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00056

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Deep-water algal reefs which are dominated by coralline algae from the genera Phymatolithon, Lithothamnion, and Sporolithon grow between depths of 50 and 120 m and can cover 40-50% of the sea floor [136,137]. There is, however, no other available data that can be used to describe the biology or ecology of marine species in the waters offshore of K'gari; data that are also critical to understand the exposure of marine species to climate extremes such as marine heat waves [138].…”

Section: Ocean Beaches and The Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape

Walker

Baldwin

Conroy

et al. 2022

Coasts

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Islands provide the opportunity to explore management regimes and research issues related to the isolation, uniqueness, and integrity of ecological systems. K’gari (Fraser Island) is an Australian World Heritage property listed based on its outstanding natural value, specifically, the unique wilderness characteristics and the diversity of ecosystem types. Our goal was to draw on an understanding of the natural and cultural environment of K’gari as a foundation on which to build a management model that includes First Nations Peoples in future management and research. Our research involved an analysis of papers in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, original reports, letters, and other manuscripts now housed in the K’gari Fraser Island Research Archive. The objectives of the research were: (1) to review key historical events that form the cultural, social, and environmental narrative; (2) review the major natural features of the island and threats; (3) identify the gaps in research; (4) analyse the management and conservation challenges associated with tourism, biosecurity threats, vegetation management practices, and climate change and discuss whether the requirements for sustaining island ecological integrity can be met in the future; and (5) identify commonalities and general management principles that may apply globally to other island systems and other World Heritage sites listed on the basis of their unique natural and cultural features. We found that the characteristics that contribute to island uniqueness are also constraints for research funding and publication; however, they are important themes that warrant more investment. Our review suggests that K’gari is a contested space between tourist visitation and associated environmental impacts, with an island that has rich First Nations history, extraordinary ecological diversity, and breathtaking aesthetic beauty. This juxtaposition is reflected in disparate views of custodianship and use, and the management strategies are needed to achieve multiple objectives in an environmentally sustainable way whilst creating cultural equity in modern times. We offer a foundation on which to build a co-management model that includes First Nations Peoples in governance, management, research, and monitoring.

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Section: Ocean Beaches and The Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increased risk from tropical cyclone impacts is projected. This risk is most likely due to the southward shift in the cyclone generation area [166] and a continuation of the annual historical ocean warming trend of about +0.02 • C per year since 1990 [138].…”

Section: Ocean Beaches and The Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape

Walker

Baldwin

Conroy

et al. 2022

Coasts

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“…MHWs off Western Australia have been associated with large-scale subsurface temperature anomalies extending from the western Pacific into the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (Ryan et al, 2021). SW Pacific SST anomalies due to El Niño events contribute to triggering MHWs off southeast Queensland (Heidemann and Ribbe, 2019), and NE Pacific MHWs have been associated with widespread warm SST anomalies (Scannell et al, 2020). How these large scale temperature anomalies influence shelf and coastal MHWs is complex and likely region-and case-specific.…”

Section: Introduction Marine Heatwavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of upper ocean heat content extremes around New Zealand revealed by Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis

Kerry

Roughan

Souza³

2022

Front. Clim.

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Marine heatwaves can have devastating ecological and economic impacts and understanding what drives their onset is crucial to achieving improved prediction. A key knowledge gap exists around the subsurface structure and temporal evolution of MHW events in continental shelf regions, where impacts are most significant. Here, we use a realistic, high-resolution ocean model to identify marine heatwaves using upper ocean heat content (UOHC) as a diagnostic metric. We show that, embedded in the inter-annual variability of UOHC across the Tasman Sea, regional UOHC around New Zealand varies at short temporal and spatial scales associated with local circulation which drives the onset of extreme events with median duration of 5–20 days. Then, using a novel application of Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis, we diagnose the regional drivers of extreme UOHC events and their 3-dimensional structure. We compute the sensitivity of UOHC to changes in the ocean state and atmospheric forcing over the onset of MHW events using ensembles of between 34 and 64 MHW events across 4 contrasting regions over a 25-year period. The results reveal that changes in regional UOHC on short (5-day) timescales are largely driven by local ocean circulation rather than surface heat fluxes. Where the circulation is dominated by boundary currents, advection of temperature in the mixed layer dominates the onset of extreme UOHC events. Higher magnitude MHW events are typically associated with shallower mixed layer and thermocline depths, with higher sensitivity to temperature changes in the upper 50–80 m. On the west coast, where boundary currents are weak, UOHC extremes are sensitive to density changes in the upper 1,000 m and likely caused by downwelling winds. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the different temporal and spatial scales of UOHC variability. Understanding the local circulation associated with heat content extremes is an important step toward accurate MHW predictability in economically significant shelf seas.

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“…Climate modes play an important role in modulating the variability of MHWs, but the dominant modes substantially vary across regions. Generally, MHWs are closely associated with the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOB) and dipole mode (IOD) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in Indo-Pacific regions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is also shown to be connected with the formation of Indian Ocean MHWs [13,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trend and Interannual Variability of Marine Heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal

Gao

Liu

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are long-lasting extreme oceanic warming events that can cause devastating effects on warm-water corals and associated ecosystems. The linear trend and interannual variability of MHWs over the Bay of Bengal (BOB) during 1982–2020 are investigated by a high-resolution daily sea surface temperature (SST) dataset. In regions where warm-water coral reefs are concentrated, annual MHW days and frequency significantly increase during 1982–2020, at rates exceeding that of the global mean. The coldest boreal winter season witnesses significant and steady increase trends in MHW days and frequency. In contrast, the trend is insignificant in the climatological warmest season (March to June) south of 15° N in the BOB, mainly due to large interannual variability. El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates the interannual variability of BOB MHWs, which are highly consistent with the evolution of the mean SST. The negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) also modulates the occurrences of MHWs, especially over the northeastern BOB. The two climate modes synergistically explain about 50~70% of the interannual variances in the BOB’s MHWs. Correlation analysis reveals that south of 15° N in the BOB, the effect of El Niño on MHWs is evident from the boreal autumn of its developing phase to the boreal summer of its decaying phase, along with limited influence from NAO. However, in the northeast of the BOB, the effect of El Niño merely emerges from April to August of its decaying stage. In comparison, boreal winter-to-spring NAO exerts a strong control over March-to-June MHWs in the northeastern BOB. The results suggest that various climate modes may jointly or separately influence MHWs at certain seasons and locations, which is important for the seasonal prediction of MHWs. Indeed, when combining the Niño3.4 mature winter index and boreal winter-to-spring NAO index to build a regression model, it is more effective in reproducing the BOB’s MHW frequency compared to the Niño3.4 index alone.

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Marine Heat Waves and the Influence of El Niño off Southeast Queensland, Australia

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape

Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape

Drivers of upper ocean heat content extremes around New Zealand revealed by Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis

The Trend and Interannual Variability of Marine Heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal

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