Marine Demospongiae: A Challenging Treasure of Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

In the last decades, it has been demonstrated that marine organisms are a substantial source of bioactive compounds with possible biotechnological applications. Marine sponges, in particular those belonging to the class of Demospongiae, have been considered among the most interesting invertebrates for their biotechnological potential. In this review, particular attention is devoted to natural compounds/extracts isolated from Demospongiae and their associated microorganisms with important biological activities for pharmacological applications such as antiviral, anticancer, antifouling, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antioxidant. The data here presented show that this class of sponges is an exciting source of compounds, which are worth developing into new drugs, such as avarol, a hydroquinone isolated from the marine sponge Disidea avara, which is used as an antitumor, antimicrobial and antiviral drug.

Marine natural products

“…454,455 Complex tropolone-containing triterpenoid gukulenin B has also been prepared. 456 Reviews of MNPs from class Demospongiae, 457 the genera Agelas, 458 Oceanapia, 459 Smenospongia, 460 and the species Dactylospongia elegans have been published, 461 as have summaries of the development of the bengamides as antibiotics, 462 the quintessential alkaloid aaptamine, 463 and the scalaranes, a common class of sponge sesterterpenoid. 464 High-throughput screening (HTS) of 3764 marine-derived fractions has identied macrolide leiodolide A as a potent anti-Cryptosporidium agent with high selectivity for the parasite over mammalian cell lines.…”

“…Reviews of MNPs from class Demospongiae, 457 the genera Agelas , 458 Oceanapia , 459 Smenospongia , 460 and the species Dactylospongia elegans have been published, 461 as have summaries of the development of the bengamides as antibiotics, 462 the quintessential alkaloid aaptamine, 463 and the scalaranes, a common class of sponge sesterterpenoid. 464…”

Keanekaragaman Senyawa Bahan Alam dari Invertebrata Laut Indonesia dan Potensinya sebagai Bahan Baku Obat

“…Spons merupakan salah satu invertebrata laut yang paling banyak dieksplorasi untuk sumber bahan baku senyawa bioaktif . Spesies spons yang paling banyak menghasilkan senyawa bahan alam adalah kelas Calcarea dan Demospongiae (Esposito et al, 2022). Senyawa terpena, peptida, poliketida, saponin, atau sterol merupakan senyawa paling banyak diisolasi setelah alkaloid.…”

Marine sponges as promising candidates for integrated aquaculture combining biomass increase and bioremediation: an updated review

“…Marine sponges, together with their sponge-associated microbiota, represent a huge source of compounds with various biological and biotechnological activities such as antiviral, anticancer, antifouling, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiaging, skin whitening, and wound healing as reviewed in Esposito et al (2021;2022a;2022b). and Amelia et al (2022).…”