Marine chitinolytic enzymes, a biotechnological treasure hidden in the ocean?

Beygmoradi, Azadeh; Homaei, Ahmad; Hemmati, Roohullah; Santos-Moriano, Paloma; Hormigo, Daniel; Fernández‐Lucas, Jesús

doi:10.1007/s00253-018-9385-7

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Alternative degradation of chitin may also occur by deacetylation and deamination of the GlcNAc amino sugar, transforming chitin into chitosan and cellulose, respectively, after which they can be depolymerised by a range of other enzymes (e.g. chitosanases or cellulases) [26, 49, 50]. While Alphaproteobacteria did not contribute to chitinase enzymes, they did potentially encode for most of the chitin deacetylases in the system, although no chitosanases were detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding microbial community dynamics to improve optimal microbiome selection

2019

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Background Artificial selection of microbial communities that perform better at a desired process has seduced scientists for over a decade, but the method has not been systematically optimised nor the mechanisms behind its success, or failure, determined. Microbial communities are highly dynamic and, hence, go through distinct and rapid stages of community succession, but the consequent effect this may have on artificially selected communities is unknown. Results Using chitin as a case study, we successfully selected for microbial communities with enhanced chitinase activities but found that continuous optimisation of incubation times between selective transfers was of utmost importance. The analysis of the community composition over the entire selection process revealed fundamental aspects in microbial ecology: when incubation times between transfers were optimal, the system was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria (i.e. main bearers of chitinase enzymes and drivers of chitin degradation), before being succeeded by cheating, cross-feeding and grazing organisms. Conclusions The selection of microbiomes to enhance a desired process is widely used, though the success of artificially selecting microbial communities appears to require optimal incubation times in order to avoid the loss of the desired trait as a consequence of an inevitable community succession. A comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics will improve the success of future community selection studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40168-019-0702-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding microbial community dynamics to improve optimal microbiome selection

2019

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“…Nowadays, researches are also focusing on the enzymes produced in the marine environment, which can present special properties (Beygmoradi et al, 2018). Assisted by sophisticated genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses, the identification of novel enzymatic structures has been enhanced, including robust biocatalysts obtained by protein engineering methods (Kamble and Vavilala, 2018; Thompson et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Marine-Derived Microorganisms and Their Enzymes in Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, the Underexplored Potentials

2019

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Biodiversity has been explored in the search for novel enzymes, including forests, savannas, tundras, deserts, and finally the sea. Marine microorganisms and their enzymes are capable of being active in high-salt concentration, large range of temperature, and high incidence of light and pressure, constituting an important source of unique biocatalysts. This review presents studies employing whole-cell processes of marine bacteria and fungi, aiming for new catalysts for different reactions in organic synthesis, such as reduction, oxidation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, elimination, and conjugation. Genomics and protein engineering studies were also approached, and reactions employing isolated enzymes from different classes (oxidoreductases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases) were described and summarized. Future biotechnological studies and process development should focus on molecular biology for the obtention of enzymes with interesting, fascinating and enhanced properties, starting from the exploration of microorganisms from the marine environment. This review approaches the literature about the use of marine-derived bacteria, fungi, and their enzymes for biocatalytic reactions of organic compounds, promoting a discussion about the possibilities of these microorganisms in the synthesis of different substances.

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“…For example, they could find applications in the production of high-value chitin-derivatives (i.e., chito-oligosaccharides) or degradation of salty chitin-rich materials (i.e., residues from the crab or shrimp industries). They could be also used in food technology to control spoiling organisms where high concentration of NaCl is present [25,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea

et al. 2019

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Twenty-eight fungal strains have been isolated from different natural marine substrates and plate screened for their production of chitinolytic activity. The two apparent best producers, Trichoderma lixii IG127 and Clonostachys rosea IG119, were screened in shaken cultures in media containing 1% colloidal chitin, 1% yeast nitrogen base and 38‰ NaCl, for their ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes under halophilic conditions. In addition, they were tested for optimal growth conditions with respect to pH, salinity and temperature. The Trichoderma strain appeared to be a slight halotolerant fungus, while C. rosea IG119 clearly showed to be a halophilic marine fungus, its optimal growth conditions being very coherent for life in the marine environment (i.e., pH 8.0, salinity 38‰). Due to its high and relatively fast activity (258 U/L after 192 h of growth) accompanied by its halophilic behaviour (growth from 0 to 160‰ of salinity), C. rosea was selected for further studies. In view of possible industrial applications, its medium for chitinolytic enzyme production was optimized by Response Surface Methodology using 1% colloidal chitin and different concentrations of corn step liquor and yeast nitrogen base (0–0.5%). Time course of growth under optimized condition showed that maximum activity (394 U/L) was recorded after 120 h on medium containing Corn Steep Liquor 0.47% and Yeast Nitrogen Base 0.37%. Maximum of productivity (3.3 U/Lh) was recorded at the same incubation time. This was the first study that demonstrated high chitinolytic activity in a marine strain of C. rosea.

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Marine chitinolytic enzymes, a biotechnological treasure hidden in the ocean?

Cited by 46 publications

References 91 publications

Understanding microbial community dynamics to improve optimal microbiome selection

Understanding microbial community dynamics to improve optimal microbiome selection

Applications of Marine-Derived Microorganisms and Their Enzymes in Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, the Underexplored Potentials

High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea

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