Marine-Bioinspired Nanoparticles as Potential Drugs for Multiple Biological Roles

Abstract

The increased interest in nanomedicine and its applicability for a wide range of biological functions demands the search for raw materials to create nanomaterials. Recent trends have focused on the use of green chemistry to synthesize metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles. Bioactive chemicals have been found in a variety of marine organisms, including invertebrates, marine mammals, fish, algae, plankton, fungi, and bacteria. These marine-derived active chemicals have been widely used for various biological properties. Marine-derived materials, either whole extracts or pure components, are employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles due to their ease of availability, low cost of production, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells. These marine-derived nanomaterials have been employed to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses as well as treat non-infectious diseases, such as tumors, cancer, inflammatory responses, and diabetes, and support wound healing. Furthermore, several polymeric materials derived from the marine, such as chitosan and alginate, are exploited as nanocarriers in drug delivery. Moreover, a variety of pure bioactive compounds have been loaded onto polymeric nanocarriers and employed to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases. The current review is focused on a thorough overview of nanoparticle synthesis and its biological applications made from their entire extracts or pure chemicals derived from marine sources.

Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of Gold and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized from Kimchi-Isolated Leuconostoc sp. Strain C2

“…Hence, the infection issue associated with biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens always encourages the researcher to develop alternative strategies to combat the infection. With the several advantages of the application of nanoparticles in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases [ 11 , 24 ], we aimed to synthesize AuNPs and ZnONPs using biologically derived extracts, particularly from probiotic bacteria.…”

“…With the growing concern over bacterial pathogen infection and resistance, there is always a high demand for new drugs to tackle these diseases. Much progress has been made in treating infectious and non-infectious disorders due to the advancement of nanotechnology [ 11 ]. The use of nanoparticles has grown due to various benefits, including a large surface area, small size, stability, and biocompatibility [ 12 ].…”

PeruNPDB: The Peruvian Natural Products Database for in silico drug screening

“…But in the BIOFACQUIM and NuBBE databases as well as plant sources, compounds derived from fungi, propolis, bacteria, and marine organisms are also described. Furthermore, the Peruvian marine biodiversity hotspot located on the northern coast has been predicted to hold 501 species, 270 genera, and 193 families [79], as marine natural products have shown an interesting array of diverse and novel chemical structures with potent biological activities [80], which includes: Cephalosporin C an antibiotic derived from marine fungi Cephalosporium [81], Eribulin an anticancer drug derived from halichondrin B from the natural Japanese marine sponge Halichondria okada [82] and the antiviral, isolated from sponge Tethya crypta , nucleoside Ara-A [83]. Also, Peru is considered a diverse country that has a very broad microbial diversity richness, however, remains slightly studied and exploited [84,85].…”

Retrospective analysis of the key molecules involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles

“…41 Reducing agents present in diverse organisms are recognized as essential elements in producing metal NPs since they are responsible for reducing metal ions. 42 These reduction reactions are driven by biomolecules and secondary metabolites present in the organism, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. 9,[43][44][45] Moreover, different proteins, carbohydrates, and other organic molecules are employed in the green synthesis method to stabilize NPs.…”