Marine Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

Natural products and their derivate compounds have been underlined of new drugs along centuries. The compounds which are named secondary metabolites are produced by organisms against to predators in nature. Initially various terrestrial plants were investigated for achieve valuable drugs leads. Recent years, pharmaceutical research into natural products has declined on the grounds of isolation of similar metabolites and high-throughput screening of synthetic products. On the other hand, resistant strains of pathogens are increasingly prevalent in hospitals and in the community. New diseases is pressing need to develop new drugs, but progress in developing them has been slow. Therefore, particularly the emergence of health issues suggests that the discovery of new scaffolds such as cytarabine (Ara-c), vidarabine (Vira-A1) and salinosporamide A should be a priority. New technologies provide smart screening methods to discover new natural drugs from untapped biological resources. Especially advances in rapid genetic sequencing, coupled with manipulation of biosynthetic pathways, may provide a vast resource potential for the discovery of new pharmaceuticals. These technological advances encourage renewed interest in natural products and the natural drug discovery. In this review, we focused on marine metabolites also bring the marine chemical diversity up to its therapeutic potential, while it is offering an extremely rich resource for novel compounds. Keywords: Natural product, bioactive secondary metabolites, marine environments, marine organisms.Özet: Yüzlerce yıl boyunca yeni ilaçların temelini doğal ürünler ve bunlardan elde edilmiş bileşikler oluşturmuştur. Sekonder metabolitler olarak adlandırılan bu bileşikler doğada organizmalar tarafından düşmanlarından korunma amacıyla üretilmektedir. Son yıllarda benzer metabolitlerin izole edilmesi ve ayrıca sentetik üretimin yüksek tarama olanakları sunmasının da etkisiyle doğal ürünlere yönelik ilaç araştırmaları oldukça azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte çeşitli patojenlerin hastanelerde ve toplumda dirençli suşlar geliştirmesi giderek daha yaygınlaşmaktadır. Yeni hastalıklar yeni ilaçların keşfini zorunlu hale getirirken, bütün bunlarla mücadele için gerekli olan yeni antimikrobiyallerin geliştirilmesinde ilerleme yavaş olmaktadır. Bu nedenle özellikle sağlık alanındaki bu ve benzeri problemler cytarabine (Ara-c), vidarabine (Vira-A1) ve salinosporamide A gibi yeni küçük molekül yapılı bileşiklerinin keşfinde öncelik olması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Yeni teknolojiler henüz araştırılmamış biyolojik kaynakların doğal ilaç keşiflerinde kullanılmasını sağlayan oldukça etkili akıllı tarama yöntemleri sunmaktadır. Özellikle hızlı genetik sekanslama ile birlikte biyosentetik yolakların manipulasyonundaki ilerlemeler yeni ilaçların keşfi için büyük bir kaynak sunabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Teknolojideki bu ilerlemeler yeni ilaç keşfine ve doğal ürünlere olan ilginin tekrar artmasını da sağlamıştır. Bu derlemede, yeni bileşikler için son derece zengin bir kaynak sun...

Sequential Extraction and Characterisation of Lipids, Proteins, and Chitin from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae, Prepupae, and Pupae

“…These cover various industrial fields 5 including the biomedical, pharmaceutical, agricultural, textile, and food industry [18,19]. For example, chitin and chitosan have been shown to have antitumour, haemostatic, woundhealing, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities [18,[20][21][22][23]. Currently, commercially available chitin is extracted from crustacean waste.…”

“…As insects also contain chitin as a part of their cuticle, they can be considered an alternative source [26]. Although procedures for obtaining chitin and chitosan have been developed in the past, most of them have been developed for crustaceans [21,22] and only a limited number of studies have focused on insects so far [15,20,26,27]. These studies, however, have often only focused on one life stage while in industrial rearing facilities, three life stages (i.e., larvae, prepupae, and pupae) occur together in the same rearing batch.…”

Fast determination of harmala alkaloids in edible algae by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry

“…The method was applied to the analysis of wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), an edible marine invasive brown algae originally from the East Asian countries, which is commonly used worldwide as a foodstuff, and by traditional oriental medicine practitioners. Although the occurrence of bioactive compounds including alkaloids in algae is known [29][30][31][32], there are no previous analytical reports on determination of HAlks and the contents are not yet established [30][31][32]. The analysis of wakame is a challenging task because of the complexity of the sample and the low concentration of the HAlks.…”

Effect of Hydrolyzed Fucoidan from The Brown Seaweed Sargassum Binderi Sonder Towards Human Breast Cancer T47d Cell Lines

“…Brown seaweed has long been utilized in the industrial field as a source of iodine, minerals, fatty acids, and vitamins (Kim, 2011). Nowadays, brown seaweed has shown a great potential in producing bioactive compounds as new candidates for medicinal uses (Hayes, 2012). Fucoidan is a polysaccharide mostly found in brown seaweed and contains significant amounts of L-fucose with sulfate ester groups.…”