Marijuana, feijoada and the debate on drug legalization

Crippa, José Alexandre de Souza; Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecílio; Zuardi, Antônio Waldo

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In Canada, medical cannabis regulations were implemented to allow severely ill patients access to cannabis for therapeutic use while shielding them from prosecution . In other countries, such as Brazil and many European countries , there has been an intense debate about the best direction to follow regarding the legality of medical and recreational cannabis. In Brazil, cannabis use has not been punished with a penalty of detention since 2006; instead, users are penalised with a warning, provision of community services and educational measures (Brazilian Criminal Code—Law 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

Castaldelli-Maia

Nicastri

Cerdá

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Overall, our findings point to a strategic role of cannabis within drug first use sequence pattern. We had an important and unexpected finding-the bi-directional relationship between alcohol and cannabis. In addition, the first use of cannabis still precedes the first use of cocaine and non-medical use of tranquilisers and prescription opioids. [Castaldelli-Maia JM, Nicastri S, Cerdá M, Kim JH, Oliveira LG, Andrade AG, Martins, SS. In-transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

Castaldelli-Maia

Nicastri

Cerdá

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…The therapeutic potential of cannabis is one of the factors driving the push for legalization of cannabis use. Yet, as discussed by Crippa et al ( 14 ), with the majority of past research focus being on cannabis as a whole or THC, we have limited knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the many other cannabinoids, which is impeding our understanding of their medical applications. One of the key areas of current research into the therapeutic effects of cannabis focuses on the ability of CBD to modulate the adverse psychological effects of THC; this body of evidence is reviewed here by Niesink and van Laar ( 15 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clearing the Smokescreen: The Current Evidence on Cannabis Use

Temple

2015

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Its consumption has increased dramatically in recent decades along with questions of its categorization as an illegal substance (1–4). The attraction of cannabis and the many issues surrounding its illegality stem from its effects on sensory processing, euphoric sensations, and its relaxing inferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects are mainly attributed to the key psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) (5–8). The effects of this psychoactive component lead to drug-seeking behavior and drug abuse in humans (1, 4). Conversely, investigation of the rewarding effects of Δ 9 -THC and other synthetic cannabinoids in animal models of drug abuse and dependence has provided us with valuable information on the biphasic effects of these compounds through contradictory findings (9–11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoid Regulation of Brain Reward Processing with an Emphasis on the Role of CB1 Receptors: A Step Back into the Future

2014

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Over the last decades, the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a large variety of functions, including a crucial modulation of brain-reward circuits and the regulation of motivational processes. Importantly, behavioral studies have shown that cannabinoid compounds activate brain reward mechanisms and circuits in a similar manner to other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, although the conditions under which cannabinoids exert their rewarding effects may be more limited. Furthermore, there is evidence on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of cue- and drug-induced relapsing phenomena in animal models. The aim of this review is to briefly present the available data obtained using diverse behavioral experimental approaches in experimental animals, namely, the intracranial self-stimulation paradigm, the self-administration procedure, the conditioned place preference procedure, and the reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior procedure, to provide a comprehensive picture of the current status of what is known about the endocannabinoid system mechanisms that underlie modification of brain-reward processes. Emphasis is placed on the effects of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor agonists, antagonists, and endocannabinoid modulators. Further, the role of CB1 receptors in reward processes is investigated through presentation of respective genetic ablation studies in mice. The vast majority of studies in the existing literature suggest that the endocannabinoid system plays a major role in modulating motivation and reward processes. However, much remains to be done before we fully understand these interactions. Further research in the future will shed more light on these processes and, thus, could lead to the development of potential pharmacotherapies designed to treat reward-dysfunction-related disorders.

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Marijuana, feijoada and the debate on drug legalization

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

Clearing the Smokescreen: The Current Evidence on Cannabis Use

Cannabinoid Regulation of Brain Reward Processing with an Emphasis on the Role of CB1 Receptors: A Step Back into the Future

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