In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

Castaldelli-Maia, João Maurício; Nicastri, Sérgio; Cerdá, Magdalena; Kim, June H.; Oliveira, Lúcio Garcia de; Andrade, Arthur Guerra de; Martins, Sílvia S.

doi:10.1111/dar.12556

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although the early onset of drug use did not predict higher direct costs in the way in which we had originally hypothesized this, it did predict greater severity of cannabis and multiple drug use in adulthood. These data corroborate a 2017 Brazilian study conducted by Castaldelli-Maia et al 39 that showed that there is an ongoing change in the role that cannabis plays in the culture of drug experimentation among Brazilian adolescents. Moreover, these data indicate that, as is also occurring in other countries like Spain, 40 the age at which cannabis experimentation starts is becoming similar to the ages at which alcohol and tobacco use start.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Direct healthcare costs and their relationships with age at start of drug use and current pattern of use: a cross-sectional study

Becker

Razzouk

2021

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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The prevalence and incidence of drug use in Brazil have increased over recent years, and the age at the start of use has become much lower than in the past. 1,2 The Second Brazilian National Survey on Alcohol and Drugs (Levantamento Nacional de Álcool e Drogas, LENAD) showed that among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, 4.3% were frequent users of cannabis in the past year, 2.3% were frequent users of cocaine, 0.8% frequently used crack and 60% had used alcohol before their 15 th birthday. 2 Additionally, Brazil is ranked as the second largest cocaine market in the world, and national consumption accounts for 20% of the world's cocaine market. 3,4 Early drug use during adolescence is deleterious for the brain maturation process 5,6 and has both short and long-term health consequences, 5-9 including cognitive impairment, 10 substance use disorder, 9 reduced educational and occupational attainment 7,8 and engagement in illicit activities. 11,12 In this regard, preventive programs have been widely implemented for reducing drug use among adolescents and, consequently, for avoiding economic and social costs. 13-15 The great economic impact of substance-related disorders on individuals and society was demonstrated through a study on the burden of diseases in Brazil. 16 This showed that, among the diseases that contributed most to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in this country, disorders relating to use of alcohol and other drugs jumped from third place in 1990 to first in 2016 among men, and from tenth to seventh among women, over the same period. Furthermore, substance-related disorders have been indicated to be one of the costliest health conditions for a healthcare system, 17-19 especially regarding hospitalization. 20 In Brazil, there is a lack of data on the costs according to different drug users' profiles, especially considering their relationship to age at the start of use. The long-term economic impact

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Direct healthcare costs and their relationships with age at start of drug use and current pattern of use: a cross-sectional study

Becker

Razzouk

2021

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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“…Further the transition from college to university life, especially in a health care program, is a high‐risk period during which young people are exposed to a myriad of psychological challenges (Burgess et al, ; Yilmaz et al, ; Tackett et al, ). This includes new social relationships (Blomberg et al, ; Castaldelli‐Maia et al, ), greater academic pressure (Read et al, ; Cusimano et al, ), and stress during exams (Sun et al, ; Greene et al, ). The broad social epidemiological patterns indicate that pre‐health care students experience more depressive symptoms (McLuckie et al, ; Rotenstein et al, ) and higher levels of burnout than their counterparts in other disciplines (Fang et al, ; Rodriguez Zivic et al, ) even before they commence health care studies.…”

Section: Challenges Of Present‐day Health Care Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the recognition of an increased study load as one of the major reasons for burnouts (Blomberg et al, ; Read et al, ; Castaldelli‐Maia et al, ; Cusimano et al, ), certain curricular modifications, most prominently in medical education, have also being implemented to ameliorate this burden. The most common change has been the transition from a numerical or letter grade hierarchical system to a simple pass/fail grading system for preclinical courses (Bloodgood et al, ; Reed et al, ).…”

Section: Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation In Millennial Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation in Millennial Students: A New Generation, a New Approach

Chaudhuri

2019

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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There has been a fundamental change in health care pedagogy to address the demands and challenges posed by the present generation of millennial students. There is also a growing recognition of the role of intrinsic motivation as a catalyst in a positive learning experience. The term intrinsic motivation refers to energizing behavior that comes from within an individual and develops due to an inherent interest in the activity at hand. However, stimulating intrinsic motivation in the present generation of millennial health care students is a daunting task, considering their diverse and disparate nature. In addition, the inherent generational differences between educators and students, and an increasing emphasis on technological tools have resulted in a dichotomy in the educational environment leading to the development of a greater incidence of burnouts among students. Hence, numerous innovative techniques have been introduced in health care education to enhance the levels of intrinsic motivation in these students. Unfortunately, most of these approaches have only been moderately successful due to their limited ability to address the unique educational expectations of millennial students. The cumulative evidence suggests that specific approaches to stimulate intrinsic motivation should aim at nurturing the learning efforts of students, bridging the generational barriers between educators and students, and ameliorating the stress associated with health care education. Hence, the specific aim of this narrative review is to suggest empirically proven curricular strategies and institutional reforms to enhance intrinsic motivation in health care students belonging to the Millennial Generation.

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“…Investigators studied different drugs, including cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, prescription opioids, and tranquilizers, there is a definite sequence to the drug sampling and use. Cannabis use precedes cocaine initiation, prescription opioids, non-medical tranquilizers and even alcohol [22]. It is clear that kids with ADHD are vulnerable to recreational drugs that are potentially harmful and addictive.…”

Section: How Does Cannabis Act As a Gateway Drug?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine and Cannabis Use in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Non- ADHD Adolescents: Evidence for Gateway Drug Effects

Brucato¹

2018

J Neurosci Neurosurg

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In‐transition culture of experimentation with cannabis in Latin American college students: A new role within a potential drug use sequencing pattern

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Direct healthcare costs and their relationships with age at start of drug use and current pattern of use: a cross-sectional study

Direct healthcare costs and their relationships with age at start of drug use and current pattern of use: a cross-sectional study

Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation in Millennial Students: A New Generation, a New Approach

Nicotine and Cannabis Use in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Non- ADHD Adolescents: Evidence for Gateway Drug Effects

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