Mares' Milk Composition as Related to “Foal Heat” Scours

Johnston, Ryan; Kamstra, L. D.; Kohler, Paul H.

doi:10.2527/jas1970.313549x

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In the following phases of lactation the variations were moderate, but sufficient to indicate a tendency of a pH increase (7.11) and a titratable acidity decrease (2.01 °SH at 180th day). The pH value at d 4 is in good agreement with those observed by Johnston et al [22] during the first two weeks of lactation. For titratable acidity values, there is substantial agreement with Storch [41], but not with the observations of Kulisa [24], who reported a quite different trend, characterised by a considerable increase of the titratable acidity values from the 60th (2.83 °SH) to the 150th lactation day (3.61 °SH).…”

Section: Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Haflinger nursing mare milk throughout 6 lactation months

et al. 2001

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-The trends of the physicochemical properties, chemical constituents and main nitrogen fractions of Haflinger mare milk were studied. Milk samples were collected at d 4,20,40, 60, 80, 120, 150 and 180 post-partum, by hand-milking from 5 mares, 7-14 years old (4-11 parities) and 400-490 kg live weight. Density, pH, titratable acidity, fat, protein, lactose and ash varied significantly during the first lactation period, while the freezing point showed statistically no significant modifications. The contents of fat, protein and ash diminished. In addition, the gross energy value tended to decrease and the lactose content increased. Total N content decreased significantly (P < 0.0001), especially between d 4 (515 mg) and d 40 (286 mg) and, to a lesser degree, until d 180 of lactation (255 mg . 100 g -1 milk). The casein number varied significantly (P < 0.001), particularly between the beginning (56.32%) and the end (45.40%) of lactation. The trend of non-protein N and globulin N fractions was different; both the 2nd and 3rd month showed the lowest values of the entire lactation (P < 0.05). The non-protein N proportion (NPN × 100 / total N) increased significantly (P < 0.001) from the beginning (7.74% at d 4) to the end (12.37% at d 180) of lactation. The globulin N proportion increased from the end of the 4th lactation month, reaching in the final period an average value of about 10% of total N, but with an irregular trend (P > 0.05).Haflinger horse / nursing mare / lactation stage / milk properties / milk composition / nitrogen fractions Résumé -Propriétés physico-chimiques, composition chimique, valeur énergétique et fractions azotées du lait de jument de race Haflinger pendant 6 mois de lactation. L'évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques, des constituants chimiques et des principales fractions azotées du lait de jument de race Haflinger a été étudiée. Les prélèvements de lait ont été effectués à 4,20,40, 60, 80, 120, 150 P. Mariani et al. 416

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Section: Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Haflinger nursing mare milk throughout 6 lactation months

et al. 2001

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“…The analysis of milking (Doreau et al 1986a) showed that reproducibility of fat content was low from one milking to another. This may explain why lactose and N contents were less variable, except for colostrum N, as noted by Johnston et al (1970) and by Balbierz et al (1975).…”

Section: Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Yield and composition of milk from lactating mares: effect of lactation stage and individual differences

Doreau¹,

Boulot²,

Barlet³

et al. 1990

Journal of Dairy Research

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The yields and composition of milk from nursing mares were studied during the first two months of lactation in 11 mares of heavy breeds (784 kg). Daily yield increased from 21-7 to 24-6 kg between weeks 1 and 8 of lactation. Fat, protein, gross energy and Ca concentrations significantly decreased when lactose content increased during this period. Individual variations were higher for yield than for composition. Casein, whey protein and non-protein N (56, 34 and 10% of crude protein, respectively) and amino acid composition did not vary between weeks 1 and 8 of lactation.Information on the composition of milk from nursing mares is extensive: some 20 authors have studied the effects of lactation stage on milk fat and/or crude protein (Doreau & Boulot, 1989a). However, some components, such as those containing N, have seldom been studied in relation to lactation stage. Because of problems associated with the determination of milk production by lactating mares, simultaneous determinations of milk yield and composition are few. Moreover, some results are questionable because inaccurate methods were used (Doreau & Boulot, 19896). The most reliable are probably those of Oftedal et al. (1983).This trial was performed on a large number of mares managed individually under the same feeding scheme, in order to provide information on both milk yield and composition, and on nutrient output, and their variations according to individuals and to lactation stage. Special emphasis was placed on N fractions and amino acid composition. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals and dietsEleven multiparous mares of heavy French breeds (Bretonnes, Comtoises), aged 5 to 16 years and weighing after foaling 784 + 39 kg, were managed indoors in individual boxes for the last month of pregnancy and for the first 2 months of lactation. All mares were in good condition at foaling. They were fed on a constant composition diet based on 85% natural grassland hay, first cut, and 15% concentrates containing 50% barley, 45% soyabean meal, 3 % molasses and 2% mineral premix. This diet was offered ad lib., with a mean of 10% hay refusals. The hay-concentrate ratio was adjusted daily. Hay was delivered 3 times/d and

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“…16 The etiology remains speculative and include changes in mare's milk composition during foal heat; however, orphan foals on milk replacer developed diarrhea at similar ages, making this theory less likely. 26 More recently, maturational changes in bacterial intestinal flora during that early life period have been elucidated and this adaptation of the microbiota may lead to foal heat diarrhea. 27…”

Section: Foal Heat Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Foal Diarrhea

Oliver-Espinosa

2018

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Diarrhea is one of the most important diseases in young foals and may occur in more than half of foals until weaning age. Several infectious and noninfectious underlying causes have been implicated but scientific evidence of pathogenesis is evolving. It is important to investigate all known potential causes and identify infectious agents to avoid outbreaks, evaluate the level of systemic compromise, and establish adequate therapy. It is crucial to differentiate foals that can be managed in field conditions from those that should be sent to a referral center. This article reviews these aspects and recent developments in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

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Mares' Milk Composition as Related to “Foal Heat” Scours

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Haflinger nursing mare milk throughout 6 lactation months

Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Haflinger nursing mare milk throughout 6 lactation months

Yield and composition of milk from lactating mares: effect of lactation stage and individual differences

Foal Diarrhea

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