Maps and animations offer new opportunities for studying the global water cycle

Abstract

The International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (IAEA/WMO GNIP) data base includes more than 100,000 δ18O,δ2H, and 3H measurements performed on monthly precipitation samples collected at 550 stations worldwide. Since 1961, the data base has served as a baseline reference for the distribution of water isotopes in modern precipitation. It is widely used in the fields of isotope hydrology, climatology oceanography and paleoclimatology.

Global prediction of δA and δ2H‐δ18O evaporation slopes for lakes and soil water accounting for seasonality

“…[13] The global isotope climatology used here is based on station data used to assemble a gridded precipitation data set by Birks et al [2002], but also includes additional station data from the Siberian Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (SNIP) (Figure 2a) [Kurita et al, 2004]. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set [Kalnay et al, 1996] was used to obtain monthly climatologies of T, h and E for each of the stations used in this analysis.…”

Isotopic evidence for the moisture origin and composition of surface runoff in the headwaters of the Heihe River basin

“…Spatial and temporal variations in stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δ D and δ 18 O) in precipitation can provide important clues to the origins of water and the climatic conditions under which it formed [1][2][3][4]. It is well known that heavy isotopes (δ 18 O and 2 H) in water vapor are depleted more easily than lighter isotopes ( rainfall from a mass of moist air during its long-distance transport. As a result, δ D and δ…”

“…Therefore, the d-excess in precipitation has many applications in hydrology because the degree of kinetic fractionation provides clues to the moisture origin [10]. Many factors affect the δ 18 O, δ D, and d-excess values of precipitation, including geographical factors (latitude, altitude, and distance from the coast) [2], meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) [11,12], and the water's origin and transport mechanisms [13,14]. By analyzing δ…”

“…O and d-excess in regional precipitation, we can therefore detect the water's origin [15,16], monitor patterns of the atmospheric circulation of water [17][18][19], and determine the extent of recharge of surface water [20,21] and groundwater [22] by precipitation, as well as the correlations among these processes [23].…”

Model Based Spatial Distribution of Oxygen-18 Isotopes in Precipitation Across Canada

“…Changes in moisture sources (e.g. in Canada: Pacific, Arctic, Gulf of Mexico and/or North Atlantic, and potentially large lake systems) and transport processes, rainout history and seasonality (Lawrence and White, 1991;Gat et al, 1994;Simpkins, 1995;Kohn and Welker, 2005;Moran et al, 2007;Birks and Edwards, 2009) (Birks et al, 2002;Bowen and Wilkinson, 2002;Bowen and Revenaugh, 2003;Van der Veer et al, 2009) and regional (Dutton et al, 2005;Liebminger et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2008;Lykoudis et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2011) (Bowen and Wilkinson, 2002) indicates that a more regional model that better represents the controls on isotopic labeling of precipitation is needed for this region. This study builds on the previous global efforts by developing multivariate linear and stepwise regression models from Canadian data and incorporating both geographic and climate variables within the model parameterizations.…”