Mapping the Photoresponse of CH3NH3PbI3 Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale

Kutes, Yasemin; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Bosse, James L.; Steffes, James; Padture, Nitin P.; Huey, Bryan D.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157

Cited by 123 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Other conductive AFM studies have found that grain boundaries can show both higher or lower short circuit current under illumination, irrespective of the surrounding topography. [55] This indicates that the grain boundaries' properties are likely to be more complex than initially believed, and identifying and controlling grain boundaries that make positive rather than negative contributions to the solar cell's performance will be a key factor in continuous investigations. Similarly, excess PbI 2 has also been added to the precursor solution, leading to improved film formation, with larger grains and fewer pinholes, and thus to improved solar cell performance.…”

Section: Grain Boundaries Passivation and Ion Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Rothmann

Etheridge

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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group of crystals that all share the same type of crystal structure based on CaTiO 3 , namely ABX 3 , with A cations, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 2 + ), formamidinium (CH(NH 2 ) 2 + ), and cesium (Cs + ); B cations such as tin (Sn 2+ ) and lead (Pb 2+ ); and halides, such as iodide (I − ), bromide (Br − ), and chloride (Cl − ), as the X anion. Since the first report of a solar cell using a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite by Miyasaka et al. in 2009, the solar cells' efficiency has rapidly increased from 3.8% [2] to over 22.1% [3] certified for laboratoryscale devices. This rapid increase is due in part to intense efforts to develop novel device architectures that are energetically favorable for charge generation and extraction, coupled with basic studies detailing the intrinsic properties of the photoactive perovskite materials. [4] However, this record efficiency is still well below the theoretical limit of ≈31% for a singlejunction photovoltaic device. [5] Significant improvements in processing technologies are needed, which in turn require a detailed understanding of microstructures, interface structures, and overall architectures of the solar cell device."Microstructure", the fine structure of a material from the micrometer to the atomic scale, plays an important role in determining the performance of many types of solar cells in use and under development today. In single crystal photoactive materials like silicon, the intragrain defects, such as stacking faults and dislocations, attract significant research interest since these intragrain defects tend to be decorated by impurities, causing higher recombinative losses in these areas. [6] In polycrystalline materials, such as CdTe, grain boundaries have been found to be a limiting factor in solar cell performance due to an enhanced recombination at the grain boundaries. [7] Modification of the grain boundaries by chlorine can assist electron-hole pair separation and positively contribute to carrier collection efficiency. [7,8] Clearly, detailed knowledge of the microstructures in conventional solar cell materials has played a significant role in understanding and improving the underlying processes that govern overall solar cell performance. Further improvements in power conversion efficiency beyond the current record of 22.1%, as well as improved performance stability of perovskite solar cells, are therefore anticipated through in-depth characterization and understanding of their microstructures.Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells form a new type of thin film photovoltaic technology, which has achieved extraordinary improvements in power conversion efficiency in a relatively short time. To further improve the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cells, it is critical to understand and control the microstructure of both the functional materials and their interfaces. Much effort has already been made to understand the microstructure of perovskite solar cells and its influence on their performance. This has proved particularly cha...

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Section: Grain Boundaries Passivation and Ion Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Rothmann

Etheridge

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Perovskite materials are low cost, and their reasonable ionization energy is comparable to that of conventional hole-injection materials for LEDs. [18,[28][29][30][31] According to the latest reports, [32,33] the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of perovskite LEDs surpassed 20%. In addition, a lot of attention focused on conventional LED materials has switched to the perovskites owing to their sharp band edges, outstanding PL properties, and bright electroluminescence (EL) at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dimensionally Engineered Perovskite Heterostructure for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

Heo

Seo

Cho

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Organometal halide perovskites are emerging materials for photovoltaics and light emitting diodes. The latest power-conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is 24.2%, and the light-emitting diode efficiency has exceeded 21%. Since the structure of the solar cell and light-emitting diode (LED) is different from each other, the integration of their structures into Although 2D|3D has shown potential for application in multifunctional devices, the principle of operation for multifunction devices (SOLAR Cell-LED: SOLED) has not yet been revealed. However, most studies have reported that the devices have only one auspicious characteristic. Here in this study the SOLED devices are monitored and investigated in a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite. It is fond that a 2D|3D heterostructure with a multidimensional perovskite interface induces carrier transmission from the interface, increasing the density of electrons and holes, and increasing their recombination. An interface-engineered perovskite 2D|3D-heterojunction structure is employed to realize the multifunctional photonic device in on-chip, exhibiting overall power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaics up to 21.02% under AM1.5, and external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting diode up to 5.13%. This novel phenomenon is attributed to carrier transfer resulting in a high carrier density and enhanced carrier recombination at the 2D|3D interface.on-chip device architecture enhances one performance but deteriorates the other, and vice versa. Here, we employed an interface-engineered perovskite 2D|3Dheterojunction structure to realize the multifunctional photonic device in onchip, exhibiting power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaics up to 21.02% under AM1.5, and external quantum efficiency of the light emitting diode up to 5.13%. This novel phenomenon is attributed to carrier transfer resulting in a high carrier density and enhanced carrier recombination at the 2D|3D interface. As the demand for research on a variety of optoelectronic applications increases, the dual function of converting solar cells, detectors, light-emitting diodes, transistors, etc., into various forms of energy and signals and producing reverse energy and signals has become attractive. Especially, organic lead halide perovskites which were introduced initially as a light-absorbing layer of photovoltaics in 2009, [1] have been disruptive to the photovoltaics and their latest power conversion efficiency reaching 24.2%. [2] Efficient free charge generation, [3][4][5][6] long carrier lifetime, [7,8] and long transport length [9] of perovskites endowed their solar cells the exceptional performance. Furthermore, the tunability of the optical and electrical

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“…As one of the characteristic signs of sample deterioration is reduced surface stability that results in surface damage during subsequent scanning, this precludes imaging the evolution of sample deterioration through subsequent scans over the same area. 17,25 …”

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confidence: 99%

Electronic and Morphological Inhomogeneities in Pristine and Deteriorated Perovskite Photovoltaic Films

et al. 2017

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We perform scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) to study the spatially varying electronic properties and related morphology of pristine and degraded methylammonium lead-halide (MAPI) perovskite films fabricated under different ambient humidity. We find that higher processing humidity leads to the emergence of increased conductivity at the grain boundaries but also correlates with the appearance of resistive grains that contain PbI2. Deteriorated films show larger and increasingly insulating grain boundaries as well as spatially localized regions of reduced conductivity within grains. These results suggest that while humidity during film fabrication primarily benefits device properties due to the passivation of traps at the grain boundaries and self-doping, it also results in the emergence of PbI2-containing grains. We further establish that MAPI film deterioration under ambient conditions proceeds via the spatially localized breakdown of film conductivity, both at grain boundaries and within grains, due to local variations in susceptibility to deterioration. These results confirm that PbI2 has both beneficial and adverse effects on device performance and provide new means for device optimization by revealing spatial variations in sample conductivity as well as morphological differences in resistance to sample deterioration.

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Mapping the Photoresponse of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale

Cited by 123 publications

References 51 publications

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Microstructural Characterisations of Perovskite Solar Cells – From Grains to Interfaces: Techniques, Features, and Challenges

Dimensionally Engineered Perovskite Heterostructure for Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Applications

Electronic and Morphological Inhomogeneities in Pristine and Deteriorated Perovskite Photovoltaic Films

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