2017
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05119
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Electronic and Morphological Inhomogeneities in Pristine and Deteriorated Perovskite Photovoltaic Films

Abstract: We perform scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) to study the spatially varying electronic properties and related morphology of pristine and degraded methylammonium lead-halide (MAPI) perovskite films fabricated under different ambient humidity. We find that higher processing humidity leads to the emergence of increased conductivity at the grain boundaries but also correlates with the appearance of resistive grains that contain PbI2. Deteriorated films show larger and increasingly insulating grain boundaries as … Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…The presence of small quantities of newly formed PbI 2 were later shown to benefit the electronic properties of grain boundaries in humid annealing, increasing the local conductivity through passivating traps at the grain boundaries and performing a selfdoping role. 63 In situ techniques detected amorphous materials containing hydroxyl ions and the increase of grain size as direct evidence of the effect of water on FAPbI 3 films. 56,64 Besides H 2 O, the annealing process under different solvent vapors such as DMF and DMSO, 65 has resulted in better perovskite crystallinity.…”
Section: Role Of H 2 O In Perovskite Film Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The presence of small quantities of newly formed PbI 2 were later shown to benefit the electronic properties of grain boundaries in humid annealing, increasing the local conductivity through passivating traps at the grain boundaries and performing a selfdoping role. 63 In situ techniques detected amorphous materials containing hydroxyl ions and the increase of grain size as direct evidence of the effect of water on FAPbI 3 films. 56,64 Besides H 2 O, the annealing process under different solvent vapors such as DMF and DMSO, 65 has resulted in better perovskite crystallinity.…”
Section: Role Of H 2 O In Perovskite Film Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…68,69 However, the high humidity processing results in the appearance of more PbI 2 as insulating regions localized at the grain boundaries and within perovskite grains. 63 To restrain the likely adverse effects, the range of optimized R.H. had better be precisely controlled by considering other parameters like temperature scales, and ingredients. Regardless of the extremely humid conditions, annealing in a moderate humid atmosphere could be a self-improvement method for the perovskite device.…”
Section: Role Of H 2 O In Perovskite Film Preparationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…1 d. Local topography can still affect optically modulated MIM measurements, however, both through local geometry (eg. ∇ 2 z) [20] and inhomogeneous lighting. To demonstrate this, optically modulated MIM measurements of a highly textured, photoconductive sample are shown in Appendix B.…”
Section: Optically Modulated Mimmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Despite the strong interest in these materials, many basic material properties remain elusive. For example, there has been considerable debate about the nature of grain boundaries (GBs) and their impact on the PCE of organic–inorganic perovskite PV devices, 47 with the latest work suggesting that GBs exhibit GB-to-GB heterogeneity and depth-dependence in electrical properties. 6,7 Similarly, there has been no study to date that has been able to definitively demonstrate if the apparent grain size, as assessed from top-down imaging techniques, represents a single crystal or a polycrystalline domain.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%