Mapping of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer

Joniau, Steven; Bergh, Laura Van den; Lerut, Evelyne; Deroose, Christophe M.; Haustermans, Karin; Oyen, Raymond; Budiharto, Tom; Ameye, Filip; Bogaerts, Kris; Poppel, Hein Van

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2012.06.057

Cited by 220 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Joniau et al reported eight (11%) lymphoceles, eight (11%) limited lower limb edema, two (3%) infection of pubic bone, one (1%) deep venous thrombosis and one (1%) transient obturator nerve malfunction. 4 These complications were similar to the case series of Briganti et al that compared the ePLND with limited PLND during open radical prostatectomy. 64 In that study, the overall complication rate of ePLND was 19.8%.…”

Section: Complicationssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…4,10,33,34 In patients with a high body mass index, this beneficial property was found to be most prominent. 12 SPECT-CT can complete the preoperative imaging procedure by providing additional 3-D anatomical information with regard to the location of the radioactive hotspots 34 (Fig.…”

Section: Spect-ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 In a recent study, Joniau et al showed that 13% of positive lymph nodes located outside of ePLND template by SN biopsy procedure in intermediate and high-risk PCa patients. 4 They noted that the pre-sacral lymph nodes should be added to the ePLND, so-called super eP-LND, for more accurate staging. Winter et al reported the rate of lymph node metastasis by SN biopsy was higher than expected from the European guideline nomogram.…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Sn Biopsy For Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Hence, the need for a more extended PLND has been propagated. 4,5 Unfortunately, there are risks associated with a super-extended or extended PLND; for example, an extended operative time, intraoperative complications (e.g. ureteral, vascular and obturator nerve injuries), postoperative complications (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in sentinel node dissection in prostate cancer from a technical perspective

et al. 2015

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Abbreviations & Acronyms ePLND = extended pelvic lymph node dissection FN = false negative ICG = indocyanine green LN = lymph node MRI = magnetic resonance imaging NIR = near-infrared NR = not reported PCa = prostate cancer PET = positron emission tomography PLND = pelvic lymph node dissection SN = sentinel node SPECT-CT = single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography TRUS = transrectal ultrasound Abstract: The most important feature of sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer procedure is that staging can be improved. Sentinel nodes might be found outside the extended pelvic lymph node dissection template what renders the sentinel node additive of extended pelvic lymph node dissection. At the same time, staging within the template can be further refined. We reviewed the literature regarding the sentinel node biopsy procedure for prostate cancer. PubMed and Embase were searched for all Englishlanguage publications from January 1999 to September 2014 by using the keywords as "prostate cancer" and "sentinel lymph node" plus "biopsy" "dissection" and/or "procedure." The present review discusses step-by-step sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer. Topics of discussion are: (i) preoperative sentinel node mapping (tracers and imaging); (ii) intraoperative sentinel node identification (surgical procedure and outcome); and (iii) novelties to improve sentinel node identification (pre-and intraoperative approaches). Conventional sentinel node mapping is carried out after the injection of a 99m Tc-based tracer and subsequent preoperative imaging; for example, lymphoscintigraphy and singlephoton emission computed tomography/computed tomography. This approach allowed the detection of sentinel nodes outside the extended lymph node dissection template in 3.6-36% of men with intermediate-and high-risk prostate cancer. Hereby, an overall false negative rate of sentinel nodes was reported between 0% and 24.4%. To further refine the intraoperative sampling procedure, novel imaging methods such as fluorescence imaging have been introduced. Prospective randomized comparison studies are required to confirm the added benefit of sentinel template directed nodal dissection. A proper and obtainable end-point of such a study could be the number of removed positive nodes for carrying out nodal dissection with or without sentinel template directed dissection. Similarly, the clinical impact of novel imaging technologies requires further investigation.

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Section: Complicationssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Spect-ct Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Implications Of Sn Biopsy For Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in sentinel node dissection in prostate cancer from a technical perspective

et al. 2015

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“…Joniau et al did not detect 13% of metastatic lymph nodes by applying only an extended lymphadenectomy. 5 On the other side, the sentinel concept is also subject to limitations. One problem with this technique is that when lymph nodes are fully metastasized or lymph pathways are blocked, the afferent lymph will be directed to other lymph nodes/non-sentinel lymph nodes.…”

Section: Editorial Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%