Mapping Gray’s BIS and BAS constructs onto Factor 1 and Factor 2 of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist – Revised

Wallace, John F.; Malterer, Melanie B.; Newman, Joseph P.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.019

Cited by 57 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…These three subscales form a higher-order BAS factor (13 items; Jorm et al, 1999). Recent research using the BIS/BAS scales with an inmate population has shown the scales to have good internal consistency (e.g., Wallace, Malterer, & Newman, 2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Empirical Concerns Regarding the Dark Triad as a Construct

Glenn

Sellbom

2015

Journal of Personality Disorders

115

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Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism are three constructs that have been collectively referred to as the "Dark Triad." Although researchers were initially interested in comparing similarities and differences between these constructs, in recent years researchers have combined items from the measures to create an overall measure of the Dark Triad as a single construct. The authors raise theoretical concerns regarding this approach, arguing that Machiavellianism and narcissism can be viewed as features or traits of psychopathy. They also provide empirical evidence from a large, correctional sample (N = 972) to demonstrate that a latent Dark Triad could not be estimated using confirmatory factor analysis because more than 100% of the variance was attributed to psychopathy. Moreover, the Dark Triad traits, by and large, did not confer incremental validity above and beyond psychopathy, and none of the interaction models indicated that additional information would be gained from considering the Dark Triad traits in constellation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Empirical Concerns Regarding the Dark Triad as a Construct

Glenn

Sellbom

2015

Journal of Personality Disorders

115

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“…The BIS inhibits appetitive responding when aversive consequences are anticipated. BIS activation results in arousal and experience of anxiety, which in turn causes inhibition of ongoing behaviors and the initiation of information processing for resolution of the conflict (Wallace, Malterer & Newman, 2009). An under-responsive BIS has been linked to disorders of disinhibition while an overresponsive BIS has been linked to internalizing disorders (Beauchaine, 2001).…”

Section: Gray's Motivational Theory Sns Activity and Motivational Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Muñoz

Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous

2011

Biological Psychology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. In press. Biological Psychology Disinhibited Behaviors 2 AbstractCardiac activity has long been considered as a psychophysiological marker of adaptive psychological adjustment. Irregularities in autonomic nervous system activity have long been implicated in both externalizing and disinhibitory behaviors. The present study used a battery of assessments in children ages 4.5-5.5 years to examine the relation among disinhibitory measures. Additionally, cardiovascular activity and reactivity was examined. Mothers rated impulsivity and internalizing/externalizing behaviors. Reward-dominance and passiveavoidance response inhibition (i.e., via errors of commission) tasks were included. Resultsshowed that behaviorally uninhibited children began with an attenuated sympathetic response (i.e., lengthened pre-ejection period) to an interview with a novel experimenter, while inhibited children began with a high level of sympathetic activity. Further, behavioral impulsivity was related to low sympathetic activity at rest. Consistent with theories of disinhibition, externalizing behaviors and measures of behavioral impulsivity were related to a reward-dominant response style. Findings are discussed with regard to motivational theories of behavior.

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“…For instance, both Factor 1 and primary psychopathy have been associated with low scores on measures of anxiety and neuroticism, whereas Factor 2 and secondary psychopathy are associated with higher scores on these measures (Hare, 2003; Harpur et al 1989; Patrick, 1994; Ross, Benning, Patrick, et al, 2009). Both Factor 1 and primary psychopathy are associated with low scores on self-report measures (Carver & White, 1994; Caseras, Avila, & Torrubia, 2002) of BIS, whereas Factor 2 and secondary psychopathy are associated with high BAS scores (Wallace, Malterer & Newman, 2009; Ross et al, 2009). Additionally, it has been proposed that secondary psychopathy, like Factor 2, may be associated with deficits in executive control that undermine response inhibition (Hicks, Markon, Patrick, Krueger & Newman, 2004; Ross, Benning & Adams, 2007).…”

Section: Bis Functioning and The Two-factor Model Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarifying the factors that undermine behavioral inhibition system functioning in psychopathy.

Baskin‐Sommers¹,

Wallace²,

MacCoon³

et al. 2010

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Psychopathic individuals are generally unresponsive to motivational and emotional cues that facilitate behavioral regulation. A putative mechanism for this deficiency is Gray's (1971) behavioral inhibition system (BIS). To evaluate the association between psychopathy and BIS functioning, we administered a laboratory-based assessment of BIS functioning to a group of psychopathic offenders assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003). In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the effects of working memory load on BIS functioning would interact differentially with the PCL-R Factors. Replicating previous results, psychopathic offenders were less sensitive to BIS-related cues than controls. As predicted, working memory load interacted with Factor 2 (antisocial/impulsive), with higher scores predicting weaker BIS functioning under high-load though not low-load conditions. Results suggest new insights concerning the relationship among working memory, reward sensitivity, and BIS functioning in psychopathy.

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Mapping Gray’s BIS and BAS constructs onto Factor 1 and Factor 2 of Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist – Revised

Cited by 57 publications

References 41 publications

Theoretical and Empirical Concerns Regarding the Dark Triad as a Construct

Theoretical and Empirical Concerns Regarding the Dark Triad as a Construct

Disinhibited behaviors in young children: Relations with impulsivity and autonomic psychophysiology

Clarifying the factors that undermine behavioral inhibition system functioning in psychopathy.

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