Mapping genes for flowering time and frost tolerance in cereals using precise genetic stocks

Snape, John; Sarma, R. N.; Quarrie, S. A.; Galiba, Gábor; Sutka, J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9996-2_2

Cited by 27 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This idea is consistent with patterns of oscillation of other clock genes, TtGI, TtPRR95, and TtCCA1, which were very similar between both genotypes ( Figure S4, C-E). However, we cannot completely rule out the possibility that a dysfunctional TtLUX-A has a partial phenotypic effect on flowering, which would be consistent with a role for eps genes in fine tuning flowering in polyploid wheats (Snape et al 2001).…”

Section: Resequencing Of Lux Ortholog In 96 Wheat Accessionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

et al. 2014

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Viable circadian clocks help organisms to synchronize their development with daily and seasonal changes, thereby providing both evolutionary fitness and advantage from an agricultural perspective. A high-resolution mapping approach combined with mutant analysis revealed a cereal ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana LUX ARRHYTHMO/PHYTOCLOCK 1 (LUX/PCL1) as a promising candidate for the earliness per se 3 (Eps-3A m ) locus in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). Using delayed fluorescence measurements it was shown that Eps-3A m containing einkorn wheat accession KT3-5 had a distorted circadian clock. The hypothesis was subsequently confirmed by performing a time course study on central and output circadian clock genes, which showed arrhythmic transcript patterns in KT3-5 under constant ambient conditions, i.e., constant light and temperature. It was also demonstrated that variation in spikelet number between wild-type and mutants is sensitive to temperature, becoming negligible at 25°. These observations lead us to propose that the distorted clock is causative for both early flowering and variation in spike size and spikelet number, and that having a dysfunctional LUX could have neutral, or even positive, effects in warmer climates. To test the latter hypothesis we ascertained sequence variation of LUX in a range of wheat germplasm. We observed a higher variation in the LUX sequence among accessions coming from the warmer climate and a unique in-frame mutation in early-flowering Chinese T. turgidum cultivar 'Tsing Hua no. 559.' Our results emphasize the importance of the circadian clock in temperate cereals as a promising target for adaptation to new environments.T HE circadian clock is an intrinsic regulator of biological processes oscillating within an $24-hr period (Pittendrigh 1993). It is considered to be the main mechanism by which plants recognize the optimal photoperiod for seasonal flowering (Imaizumi 2009). Transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock has been well described in Arabidopsis (Pokhilko et al. 2012) with the latest model emphasizing the importance of the Evening Complex (EC) composed of EARLY FLOWERING 3, EARLY FLOWERING 4, and LUX AR-RHYTHMO/PHYTOCLOCK 1 (ELF3, ELF4, and LUX/PCL1) proteins (Onai and Ishiura 2005;Nusinow et al. 2011;Pokhilko et al. 2012). The EC directly represses the function of PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 9 (PRR9) and acts antagonistically to the elements expressed in the morning, including LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) (Pokhilko et al. 2012). LHY, CCA1, and PRR9 form the so-called morning loop, which becomes arrhythmic when the EC is impaired (Hazen et al. 2005; Dixon et al. 2011; Nusinow Copyright © 2014 Dixon et al. 2011;Pokhilko et al. 2012). Genetic studies have shown that the recently cloned maturity-a, (mat-a; syn. early maturity 8, eam8) locus is an ortholog of AtELF3 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). eam8 appears to be epistatic to eam10 (syn. ea sp ), which in turn seems to be a possible ortholog of LUX/PCL...

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Section: Resequencing Of Lux Ortholog In 96 Wheat Accessionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

et al. 2014

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“…The locus for VRN-A1 is approximately 1.9 cM distal of SSR marker Xgwm666 on 5A (http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/ wheat/komugi/maps/markerMap.jsp), which closely linked to locus Xgwm271.2 (Figure 1). VRN-D1 is closely linked to SSR markers Xgwm212 and Xgwm292 on chromosome 5D (Snape et al, 2001), which are tightly linked to Xgwm121 (Figure 1). It may not be a mere coincidence that the QTLs for TN, SDW or SPU were closely linked with VRN gene loci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping QTLs for Phosphorus-Deficiency Tolerance at Wheat Seedling Stage

Xiao

et al. 2006

Plant Soil

102

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Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major limiting factors to crop production throughout the world. It is an important strategy to breed varieties with improved P-deficiency tolerance for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to map QTLs for P-deficiency tolerance in wheat, and develop molecular marker assisted selection in breeding wheat with improved P-deficiency tolerance. A doubled haploid (DH) population, consisting of 92 DH lines (DHLs) derived from P-deficiency tolerant wheat variety Lovrin 10 and P-deficiency sensitive variety Chinese Spring, was developed for mapping QTLs for P-deficiency tolerance. A genetic linkage map consisting of 34 linkage groups was constructed using 253 SSR markers. Shoot dry weight (SDW), tiller number (TN), shoot P uptake (SPU), and shoot P utilization efficiency (PUE) were investigated at seedling stage under P deficiency ()P) and sufficiency (+P) condition in two pot trials in 2002 and 2003, respectively. All traits segregated continuously in the population under either )P or +P condition. Significant positive correlations were found in between TN, SDW and SPU, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between PUE and SPU and between PUE and TN. Twenty and 19 QTLs were detected under )P and +P condition, respectively. The 39 QTLs were distributed on 21 chromosomal regions. There were three clusters of QTLs, which were associated with Xgwm25l (on chromosomes 4B), Xgwm271.2 (on chromosome 5A), and Xgwm121 (on chromosome 5D), respectively. Compared to the DHLs with all Chinese Spring alleles at the three loci, those with all Lovrin 10 alleles had, on average, much higher SPU, SDW and TN under )P condition in both trials, suggesting the importance of the three loci in controlling P-deficiency tolerance. It was interesting to find that two of the above three loci were closely linked with vernalization requirement genes VRN-A1 (on chromosome 5A) and VRN-D1 (on chromosome 5D). Potential implication of the linkage between P-deficiency tolerance and VRN genes was discussed.

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“…The Vrn-A1 gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 5A near the Fr1 gene (Snape et al, 2001), and it is strongly linked to three RFLP markers: Xwg644, Xpsr426 and Xpsr2021 (Korzun et al, 1997;Sarma et al, 1998;Sutka et al, 1999;Snape et al, 2001). Snape et al (2001) also established the position of the Vrn-D1 gene in the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D, and showed that this gene is closely linked to Xgwm212 and Xgwm292 microsatellite markers. The Vrn-B1 gene was mapped in the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5B and is closely linked to two microsatellite markers: Xgwm408 and Xgwm604 (Leonova et al, 2003;Tóth et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Allelic Variation at the VRN-1 Locus of Polish Cultivars of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Nowak¹,

Kowalczyk²

2010

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica

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At a molecular level, the length of the vernalization period of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is determined mainly by three loci: VRN-1, VRN-2 and VRN-3. In hexaploid wheat, the Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 genes are dominant for spring growth habit and epistatic to the alleles for winter growth habit. We used DNA markers to determine the VRN-1 genotypes of 43 common wheat cultivars from the Polish register. All of the 30 examined winter wheat cultivars carried the recessive vrn-A1 allele, and all of the 13 analyzed spring cultivars carried the dominant Vrn-A1a allele. Moreover, 13 winter and 11 spring cultivars carried the dominant Vrn-B1 allele. These results confirmed that the hexaploid wheat growth habit is determined mainly by the VRN-A1 locus.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : VRN-1 locus, vernalization, allelic variation, Triticum aestivum L., DNA markers.

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Mapping genes for flowering time and frost tolerance in cereals using precise genetic stocks

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

A Distorted Circadian Clock Causes Early Flowering and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Spike Development in the Eps-3Am Mutant of Einkorn Wheat

Mapping QTLs for Phosphorus-Deficiency Tolerance at Wheat Seedling Stage

Allelic Variation at the VRN-1 Locus of Polish Cultivars of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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