Mapping Change Detection of LULC on the Cameroonian Shores of Lake Chad and its Hinterland through an Inter-Seasonal and Multisensor Approach

Gbetkom, Paul Gérard; Gadal, Sébastien; Aboudi, Ahmed El; Mfondoum, Alfred Homère Ngandam; Badamassi, Mamane Barkawi Mansour

doi:10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.381

Cited by 3 publications

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“…These images combine visible and infrared lights to differentiate between vegetation in red and water in blue/gray (figures 2 and 3). 50 52 H. Gao et al add to that list a unique geographical feature allowing the lake to split into the two smaller pools, which makes it more vulnerable to water loss. 53 These two distinctly different seasonal lake pools each witness their own accessibility issues, variability, and predictability.…”

Section: Lake Chad's Changing Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Griffin¹

2020

ExpwMCUP

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Africa's Lake Chad is the convergence point of a complex humanitarian disaster courtesy of violence, climate change, and remote, ungoverned areas. 1 As the hydrography of Lake Chad changes, decreasing in size by nearly 90 percent since the 1960s, the vanishing shoreline exposes new prospects for militarized actors to establish and retain control. 2 This study asserts that Lake Chad's changing hydrography has provided violent extremists with strategic opportunities to increase their foothold in the water-scarce Lake Chad Basin. Through an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design, this spatial analysis tests the relationship between conflict and environmental changes in the region. A linear regression model yields statistically significant quantitative evidence at a 95-percent significance level (α = 0.05) to support a strong and Captain Thomas E. Griffin is a civil affairs officer in the U.S. Army Reserve, serving as a company commander with the 403d Civil Affairs Battalion in Syracuse, NY. His military experience includes overseas deployments to Cameroon as a civil affairs team leader and to Afghanistan as an operations advisor to the Afghan National Army. In his civilian career, he manages enrollment and business analytics for the University of Vermont's Continuing and Distance Education department. He is currently a PhD candidate in educational policy and leadership studies at the University of Vermont. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Marine Corps University, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. Army, or the U.S. government. Expeditions with MCUP 2 positive correlation between armed conflict and time (from 2009 to 2019) in this area. The spatial results indicate that armed conflict has increased across this specific landscape, which has been physically altered over time due to several socioenvironmental factors. These results expose serious security implications related to climate change, water scarcity, and increasing conflict. This article concludes by calling for an improved security strategy that addresses the conflictclimate trap seen across the Lake Chad Basin.

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Section: Lake Chad's Changing Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Griffin¹

2020

ExpwMCUP

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“…Indeed, remote sensing enables collecting and integrating data for a continuous and repeated observation of the phenomenon on large surfaces [22]. The reflectance of some objects such as soil and vegetation is a good indicator of changes in the environment [21] and can be used to calculate spectral indexes useful for the study of soil degradation. Previous models have been developed on the topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Soil Degradation from the Cameroonians Shores of Lake Chad Combining Spectral Indexes and Statistics Analysis

Gadal

Gbetkom

Mfondoum³

2023

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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This article aims to propose a model on the soil degradation risk along the Cameroonian shores of Lake Chad based on the statistical analysis of spectral indexes of Sentinel 2A satellite images. A total of four vegetation indexes such as the Greenness Index and Disease water stress index and nine soil indexes such as moisture, brightness, or organic matter content are computed and combined to characterize vegetation cover and bare soil state, respectively. All these indexes are aggregated to produce one image (independent variable) and then regressed by individual indexes (dependent variable) to retrieve correlation and determination coefficients. Principal Component Analysis and factorial analysis are applied to all spectral indexes to summarize information, obtain factorial coordinates, and detect positive/negative correlation. The first factor contains soil information, whereas the second factor focuses on vegetation information. The final equation of the model is obtained by weighting each index with both its coefficient of determination and factorial coordinates. This result generated figures' cartography of five classes of soils potentially exposed to the risk of soil degradation. Five levels of exposition risk are obtained from the "Lower" level to the "Higher": the "Lower" and "Moderate to low" levels occupy, respectively, 25,214.35 hectares and 130,717.19 hectares; the "Moderate" level spreads 137,404.34 hectares; the "High to moderate" and "Higher" levels correspond, respectively, to 152,371.91 hectares and 29,175.73 hectares.

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“…The profound transformations of land transformations are becoming increasingly evident from local to global scales (Reid 2005). There is clear evidence that global environmental change is largely due to human activities, and in recent times land use change has become the main driver of change in the Earth system either by transforming landscapes for the purposes of human activities or by changing management practices in the landscapes they dominate human Changes in land use and land cover are the main drivers of global climate change (Gbetkom et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the status Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Using Sintenal-2 Satellite Data of Sulaymaniyah (Iraq)

Mohsen¹

2022

IARJACC

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The study was conducted on the ground covers in Sulaymaniyah district, northeastern Iraq located between longitudes (45°0'0"E) (45°20'0"E) and latitudes (35°50'0"N) (36°50'0"N), Remote sensing and GIS techniques were used, using Sentinel-2 satellite image data, with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The results of the study showed that there are six ground covers: (Shrub and Grassland and natural pastures and agricultural areas ranked first, followed by rocky lands and barren lands, sparse vegetation covers, urban areas, dense vegetation cover, which form part of coniferous forests, and water). And in percentages (24%, 22%, 17%, 14%, 10.9% and 10.2%) respectively. Overall accuracy of 86% and Kappa Coefficient 0.82. These results are consistent with the reality of the study area.

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Mapping Change Detection of LULC on the Cameroonian Shores of Lake Chad and its Hinterland through an Inter-Seasonal and Multisensor Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Characterization of Soil Degradation from the Cameroonians Shores of Lake Chad Combining Spectral Indexes and Statistics Analysis

Evaluation of the status Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Using Sintenal-2 Satellite Data of Sulaymaniyah (Iraq)

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