Mapping brain structure in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based MRI study of regional grey and white matter volume

McAlonan, Gráinne; Cheung, Vincent C. K.; Cheung, CW; Chua, Siew E.; Murphy, Declan; Suckling, John; Tai, KS; Yip, Lawrance; Leung, Patrick W. L.; Ho, T. P.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.09.006

Cited by 121 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We could not detect any effect of medication use or evidence that age, sex or IQ had a significant impact on our findings. Findings in the precentral gyrus, which is linked to motor control, and the prefrontal cortex, which is the target of ADHD medication, 24 are in line with and extend the findings of previous VBM studies, 25,26 cortical thickness studies 27 and region of interest studies 3 on structural differences in the precentral gyrus and prefrontal cortex in individuals with ADHD. An important role of abnormalities of the prefrontal cortex and its connections in ADHD is indicated.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016;41(4)supporting

confidence: 82%

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Vondervoort

Poelmans

Aschrafi

et al. 2016

jpn

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IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsive, hyperactive and/or inattentive symptoms. 1 Previous MRI studies have reported smaller total brain volumes in participants with ADHD than in controls. 2,3 Metaanalyses of regions of interest (ROI) studies have shown significantly smaller volume in total and right cerebral volume, frontal brain areas, the right caudate and cerebellar regions in participants with ADHD than in controls. 3 Volumetric ROI studies, however, are restricted to a small number of a priori selected regions, which could give rise to selection bias.A method that circumvents this potential bias and allows a whole brain, hypothesis-free analysis is voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 4 an MRI analysis technique that assesses differences between groups in voxelwise grey matter volume. Three meta-analyses of VBM studies reporting on partly the same samples have investigated the most prominent volumetric differences between participants with ADHD and controls. [5][6][7] The first meta-analysis (114 children with ADHD and 143 controls) reported smaller grey matter volume in the right putamen and globus pallidus in children with ADHD than in controls. 5 A more recent meta-analysis (202 children and adolescents and 176 adults with ADHD and 344 controls) confirmed the reduced localized subcortical grey matter findings Background: Data on structural brain alterations in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been inconsistent. Both ADHD and brain volumes have a strong genetic loading, but whether brain alterations in patients with ADHD are familial has been underexplored. We aimed to detect structural brain alterations in adolescents and young adults with ADHD compared with healthy controls. We examined whether these alterations were also found in their unaffected siblings, using a uniquely large sample. Methods: We performed voxelbased morphometry analyses on MRI scans of patients with ADHD, their unaffected siblings and typically developing controls. We identified brain areas that differed between participants with ADHD and controls and investigated whether these areas were different in unaffected siblings. Influences of medication use, age, sex and IQ were considered. Results: Our sample included 307 patients with ADHD, 169 unaffected siblings and 196 typically developing controls (mean age 17.2 [range 8-30] yr). Compared with controls, participants with ADHD had significantly smaller grey matter volume in 5 clusters located in the precentral gyrus, medial and orbitofrontal cortex, and (para)cingulate cortices. Unaffected siblings showed intermediate volumes significantly different from controls in 4 of these clusters (all except the precentral gyrus). Medication use, age, sex and IQ did not have an undue influence on the results. Limitations: Our sample was heterogeneous, most participants with ADHD were taking medication, and the comparison was cross-sectional. Conclusion...

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Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016;41(4)supporting

confidence: 82%

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Vondervoort

Poelmans

Aschrafi

et al. 2016

jpn

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“…Some studies have reported that the right caudate nucleus is smaller in children with ADHD, 4,[15][16][17] whereas others have found that only the left caudate is smaller in ADHD individuals 5 or that there is no difference. 18 Another study found that the total volume of the caudate was smaller in individuals with ADHD but that this difference disappeared during adolescence. 19 Structural studies involving adults with ADHD are limited, despite the fact that the prevalence of adult ADHD in the general population is 4.4% 20 and only about 10% of patients with childhood ADHD achieve functional remission at 18-20 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical correlations of grey matter reductions in the caudate nucleus of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Montes

Ricardo-Garcell

Torre

et al. 2010

jpn

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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown decreased caudate volumes in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, most of these studies have been carried out in male children. Very little research has been done in adults, and the results obtained in children are difficult to extrapolate to adults. We sought to compare the volume of the caudate of adults with ADHD with that of healthy controls; we also compared these volumes between men and women. Methods: We performed an MRI scan on 20 adults with ADHD (10 men and 10 women) aged 25-35 years and 20 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We used voxel-based morphometry with the DARTEL algorithm for image analyses. We used the specifically designed Friederichsen, Almeida, Serrano, Cortes Test (FASCT) to measure the severity of ADHD; both the self-reported (FASCT-SR) and the observer (FASCT-O) versions were used. Results: The statistical parametric map showed a smaller region with low grey matter volume and a smaller concentration of grey matter in this region of the right caudate in ADHD patients than in health controls, both in the entire sample and within each sex. There was a significant correlation between the volume of this region of the caudate with the number of DSM IV-TR criteria, as well as with the total scores and most of the factors of the FASCT-SR and FASCT-O scales. A separate correlation analysis by sex gave similar results. Limitations: The study design was cross-sectional. Conclusion: The region of the right caudate with low grey matter volume was smaller in adults with ADHD in both sexes and was correlated with ADHD severity.

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“…A few studies have investigated the relationship between structural changes in grey matter (GM) and impulsivity/self-control impairments (Koprivová et al 2009;McAlonan et al 2007). Previous observations using self-reported measurement reported an inverse correlation between impulsive behaviour and GM volume in the lateral OFC (Lui et al 2009;Matsuo et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

et al. 2012

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Impulsivity is a complex behaviour composed of different domains encompassing behavioural disinhibition, risky decision-making and delay discounting abnormalities. To investigate regional brain correlates between levels of individual impulsivity and grey matter volume, we performed voxel-based morphometric correlation analysis in 34 young, healthy subjects using impulsivity scores measured with Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 and computerized Kirby's delay discounting task. The VBM analysis showed that impulsivity appears to be reliant on a network of cortical (medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (ventral striatum) structures emphasizing the importance of brain networks associated with reward related decisionmaking in daily life as morphological biomarkers for impulsivity in a normal healthy population. While our results in healthy volunteers may not directly extend to pathological conditions, they provide an insight into the mechanisms of impulsive behaviour in patients with abnormalities in prefrontal/frontal-striatal connections, such as in drug abuse, pathological gambling, ADHD and Parkinson's disease.

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Mapping brain structure in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based MRI study of regional grey and white matter volume

Cited by 121 publications

References 52 publications

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

An integrated molecular landscape implicates the regulation of dendritic spine formation through insulin-related signalling in obsessive–compulsive disorder

Clinical correlations of grey matter reductions in the caudate nucleus of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Morphometric Correlation of Impulsivity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

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