Mapping and monitoring unemployment hot spots towards identification of socially excluded localities: Case study of Ostrava

Abstract

This paper is focused on mapping and monitoring of unemployment hot spots using registers of local authorities in the Ostrava City (Czech Republic) to identify socially excluded localities at the micro-scale. The register of unemployed persons and the population register provide data for quantification of specific indicators of a local labour situation. A share of the registered unemployed in reference to residents in productive age can substitute the rate of unemployment due to the high correlation of both indicators. The mapping of unemployment hot spots has been based on data from 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 using kernel density estimation. Various settings of bandwidths have been tested to identify socially excluded localities in the city in hopes of identifying the most accurate way to visualise the pattern. These localities have been identified in two expert studies and the most significant sign is considered to be increased unemployment. Appropriate settings of kernel density estimations of the unemployment indicator enable to identify the majority of experts' localised spots. The hot spots have been delimited by an isoline with a suitable boundary value obtained from an optimisation technique based on a coefficient of areal correspondence and an indicator of spatial extension. This method of isolines is recommended for mapping and monitoring of the development of localities in time.

Urban Shrinkage and Sustainability: Assessing the Nexus between Population Density, Urban Structures and Urban Sustainability

“…Research confirms an increase in residential segregation in the form of socially excluded localities in Ostrava [121]. These are usually concentrated in a compact inner city in abandoned localities or near brownfields [122]. Essentially, the patterns that have already historically existed deepen.…”

“…The structures of estates and high rises in "old Ostrava" and also in Poruba and Ostrava-Jih were displaying a slight decrease in population density, but there were also growing localities. In the Poruba district, it was one of the largest socially excluded localities [122], and in the Ostrava-Jih district, the growth was driven by the construction of apartment buildings on the edge of the structure of estate and high rises. The most homogeneous in the population density change were localities situated in attractive inner-urban fringe districts, although population density growth was moderate.…”

Intra-urban patterns of creative industries in polycentric city

“…The setting is dependent more on the experience of the analyst and his/her judgment. For the below shown results, the value of 150 meters for bandwidth, and pixel size of 10 meters was used after testing, together with quartic kernel function (Inspektor et al 2014).…”

Revitalising Rural Spaces: Lessons Learnt from Brownfield Regeneration in a Shrinking Region

“…In this context, it is much more difficult for small municipalities located in regions undergoing significant structural change to find support for their projects. They have to compete within this region with large shrinking cities that face serious problems such as depopulation [56,57], the occurrence of large post-industrial and post-mining brownfields [58], and the impoverishment of the population and emergence of socially excluded localities [59,60]. Actors at both regional and central levels prioritise these issues, and smaller settlements are not given attention.…”