Map of the 2010 Greendale Fault surface rupture, Canterbury, New Zealand: application to land use planning

Abstract

Rupture of the Greendale Fault during the 4 September 2010, M W 7.1 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake produced a zone of ground-surface rupture that severely damaged several houses, buildings and lifelines. Immediately after the earthquake, surface rupture features were mapped in the field and from digital terrain models developed from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) data. To enable rebuild decisions to be made and for future land use planning, a fault avoidance zone was defined for the Greendale Fault following the Ministry for the Environment guidelines on 'Planning for the Development of Land on or Close to Active Faults'. We present here the most detailed map to date of the fault trace and describe how this was used to define and characterise the fault avoidance zone for land use planning purposes.

High‐resolution relocation of aftershocks of the Mw 7.1 Darfield, New Zealand, earthquake and implications for fault activity

“…The surface rupture of the Greendale Fault, the main fault on which the Darfield earthquake occurred [ Quigley et al ., ], extends from near Rolleston in the east to Greendale in the west, with an overall length of ~25 km (Figure ). The trace makes a ~1 km left step approximately 7 km from the eastern terminus of the surface rupture [ Duffy et al ., ], and it curves from nearly east‐west in its central and eastern portions to northwest‐southeast in its westernmost 5 km [ Villamor et al ., ]. Field measurements show up to 5 m of right‐lateral offset along the fault and up to 0.2 m of vertical offset, with the southern side of the fault moving upward in most areas [ Quigley et al ., ].…”

Field estimate of paleoseismic slip on a normal fault using the Schmidt hammer and terrestrial LiDAR: Methods and application to the Hebgen fault (Montana, USA)

“…Wells and Coppersmith, 1994), are used to define fault avoidance zones in seismic hazard assessments (e.g. Boncio et al, 2012;Villamor et al, 2012), and can be used to estimate average earthquake recurrence intervals if long-term fault slip rates are available. Paleoseismic trenching can be used to determine SEDs where a fault has ruptured through unconsolidated sediments, but is not typically feasible across bedrock scarps.…”

Effects of Earthquakes on Flood Hazards: A Case Study From Christchurch, New Zealand

“…The vertical deformation associated with the fault segments depended on their orientation, subsurface geometry, and sense of movement [12,88,[111][112][113][114][115]. The NE side of the GFW subsided by >0.8 m, and the SW side was lifted by as much as 0.4 m [12].…”