Manure and Microbes: Public and Animal Health Problem?

Pell, Alice N.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76227-1

Cited by 345 publications

(246 citation statements)

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“…This is especially true for the application of raw manure, which is potentially capable of spreading pathogens to a wider environment (Peel, 1997;Kudva et al, 1998). The percentage of STEC serotypes in cattle faeces ranged from 6% in a US study (Cray et al, 1996) to 71% in a French study (Pradel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure

Gonçalves

Marin

2007

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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To determine the fate of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) non-O 157 in composted manure from naturally colonized cattle, fresh manure was obtained from three cows carrying non-O157 STEC strains possessing the stx2 gene. Two composting systems were used: a 0.6m deep cave opened in the soil and an one meter high solid manure heap in a pyramidal architecture. Every day, for the 10 first days, and every five days for a month, one manure sample from three different points in both systems was collected and cultured to determine the presence of E. coli and the presence of the stx 2 gene in the cells. The temperature was verified at each sampling. STEC non-O157 E. coli cells survived for 8, 25 and 30 days at 42, 40 and 38 o C, respectively, in the deep cave and 4, 4 and 7 days at 65, 58 and 52 o C, respectively, in the heap, during the composting manure. Temperature and indigenous microorganisms appear to contribute to pathogen disappearance in the composting system. It is concluded that both composting systems were efficient to eliminate STEC cells. Land application of composted manure should minimize environmental risk associated with the dissemination of the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A potential risk arising from the disposal of animal waste of fecal origin is the spreading of enteric pathogens (Peel, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of non O157 Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in composted cattle manure

Gonçalves

Marin

2007

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…Pathogens in manure, septage and sewage biosolids include Listeria, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, Cryptosporidium and Giardia (Hinton and Bale, 1991;Mawdsley et al, 1995;Pell, 1997;Wallis et al, 1996). Animal manure may contain disease organisms that are particular to the animal group but can also contain zoonotic disease organisms.…”

Section: Agricultural Sources Of Pathogens (Hazards)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a risk-based index for source water protection planning, which supports the reduction of pathogens from agricultural activity entering water resources

Goss

Richards

2008

Journal of Environmental Management

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Source water protection planning (SWPP) is an approach to prevent contamination of ground and surface water in watersheds where these resources may be abstracted for drinking or used for recreation. For SWPP the hazards within a watershed that could contribute to water contamination are identified together with the pathways that link them to the water resource. In rural areas, farms are significant potential sources of pathogens. A risk-based index can be used to support the assessment of the potential for contamination following guidelines on safety and operational efficacy of processes and practices developed as beneficial approaches to agricultural land management. Evaluation of the health risk for a target population requires knowledge of the strength of the hazard with respect to the pathogen load (mass Â concentration). Manure handling and on-site wastewater treatment systems form the most important hazards, and both can comprise confined and unconfined source elements. There is also a need to understand the modification of pathogen numbers (attenuation) together with characteristics of the established pathways (surface or subsurface), which allow the movement of the contaminant species from a source to a receptor (water source). Many practices for manure management have not been fully evaluated for their impact on pathogen survival and transport in the environment. A key component is the identification of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This requires the development of a suitable digital elevation model of the watershed for surface movement and information on local groundwater aquifer systems for subsurface flows. Both require detailed soils and geological information. The pathways to surface and groundwater resources can then be identified. Details of land management, farm management practices (including animal and manure management) and agronomic practices have to be obtained, possibly from questionnaires completed by each producer within the watershed. To confirm that potential pathways are active requires some microbial source tracking. One possibility is to identify the molecular types of Escherichia coli present in each hazard on a farm. An essential part of any such index is the identification of mitigation strategies and practices that can reduce the magnitude of the hazard or block open pathways. r

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“…Agricultural wastewaters may be used as irrigation water and are known reservoirs for antimicrobials (Hu et al, 2014;Storteboom et al, 2010) and human pathogens (Pell, 1997;Ravva and Korn, 2007). For example, agricultural wastewater has been demonstrated to contain suflonamides, tetracyclines, and lincosimides at concentrations up to 1 mg/L (Campagnolo et al, 2002) and human pathogens such as Salmonella at concentrations as high as 3.89 log/mL ( Vanotti et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%