Manufacturing of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced composites via frontal polymerization: A numerical study

Vyas, Sagar; Zhang, X.; Geubelle, Philippe H.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107832

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…denotes the temperature of the front. See Vyas et al 29 for more details on the steady-state formulation.…”

Section: The Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steady‐state system in X ∈ [−∞, ∞] reads as

({, \begin{matrix} κ \frac{d^{2} T}{normald X^{2}} + italicVρ C_{p} \frac{normald T}{normald X} - italicVρH \frac{normald α}{normald X} = 0, \\ V \frac{normald α}{normald X} = f ((),, T, α) = A \exp ((), - \frac{E}{RT}) g ((), α), \\ T ((), - \infty) = T_{\max}, T ((), \infty) = T_{0}, α ((), - \infty) = 1, α ((), \infty) = α_{0}, \end{matrix})

where

T_{\max} = T_{0} + \frac{((), 1 - α_{0}) H}{C_{p}},

denotes the temperature of the front. See Vyas et al 29 for more details on the steady‐state formulation.…”

Section: Estimates Of Front Velocity In Frontal Polymerization Of Neat Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical estimates of front velocity in the frontal polymerization of thermoset polymers and composites

Kumar

Gao

Geubelle

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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This note presents approximate analytical expressions for the velocity of the self‐propagating reaction front in the frontal polymerization of thermoset polymers and composites. Prior estimates available in the literature for the front velocity have been limited by their applicability to simple reaction kinetics. The improved estimates provided in this work are shown to be applicable to complex reaction kinetics encountered in the frontal polymerization of neat thermoset polymers or fiber‐reinforced polymer‐matrix composites with a wide range of polymer chemistries, including dicyclopentadiene, cyclooctadiene, acrylates, and epoxies. They are also shown to be applicable to wide range of values of the initial temperature and initial degree of cure of the resin, and of the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase.

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“…denotes the temperature of the front. See Vyas et al 29 for more details on the steady-state formulation.…”

Section: The Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The steady‐state system in X ∈ [−∞, ∞] reads as

({, \begin{matrix} κ \frac{d^{2} T}{normald X^{2}} + italicVρ C_{p} \frac{normald T}{normald X} - italicVρH \frac{normald α}{normald X} = 0, \\ V \frac{normald α}{normald X} = f ((),, T, α) = A \exp ((), - \frac{E}{RT}) g ((), α), \\ T ((), - \infty) = T_{\max}, T ((), \infty) = T_{0}, α ((), - \infty) = 1, α ((), \infty) = α_{0}, \end{matrix})

where

T_{\max} = T_{0} + \frac{((), 1 - α_{0}) H}{C_{p}},

denotes the temperature of the front. See Vyas et al 29 for more details on the steady‐state formulation.…”

Section: Estimates Of Front Velocity In Frontal Polymerization Of Neat Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical estimates of front velocity in the frontal polymerization of thermoset polymers and composites

Kumar

Gao

Geubelle

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The additional terms appearing in the cure kinetic model are based on the Prout–Tompkins auto-catalytic model 41 , which also accounts for α 0 . This model has been successfully used to simulate FP in DCPD monomer 42 and DCPD-based composites 43 – 45 . Supplementary Table 3 provides the material properties and Supplementary Table 4 provides the cure kinetic parameters for DCPD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid synchronized fabrication of vascularized thermosets and composites

Garg

Zhang

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Bioinspired vascular networks transport heat and mass in hydrogels, microfluidic devices, self-healing and self-cooling structures, filters, and flow batteries. Lengthy, multistep fabrication processes involving solvents, external heat, and vacuum hinder large-scale application of vascular networks in structural materials. Here, we report the rapid (seconds to minutes), scalable, and synchronized fabrication of vascular thermosets and fiber-reinforced composites under ambient conditions. The exothermic frontal polymerization (FP) of a liquid or gelled resin facilitates coordinated depolymerization of an embedded sacrificial template to create host structures with high-fidelity interconnected microchannels. The chemical energy released during matrix polymerization eliminates the need for a sustained external heat source and greatly reduces external energy consumption for processing. Programming the rate of depolymerization of the sacrificial thermoplastic to match the kinetics of FP has the potential to significantly expedite the fabrication of vascular structures with extended lifetimes, microreactors, and imaging phantoms for understanding capillary flow in biological systems.

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“…FP is a reaction-diffusion process involving self-propagating chemical reactions driven by exothermic polymerization initiated by a local thermal stimulus. FP has been observed in various monomers including epoxies [11,12,13,14], acrylates [15,16,17], and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) [10,18,19,20,21]. The latter system is the focus of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Instabilities driven by frontal polymerization in thermosetting polymers and composites

Peterson¹,

Geubelle²

2020

Preprint

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Frontal Polymerization (FP) was recently demonstrated as a faster, more energy-efficient way to manufacture fiber-reinforced thermosetting-polymer-matrix composites. FP uses heat from the exothermic reaction of the solution of monomer and initiator to generate a selfpropagating polymerization front. In most cases, the polymerization front propagates in a steady fashion. However, under some conditions, the front experiences instabilities, which do affect the quality of the manufactured composite part. In this work, we use a coupled thermo-chemical model and an adaptive nonlinear finite element solver to simulate FP-driven instabilities in dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and in carbon-fiber DCPD-matrix composites. With the aid of 1-D transient simulations, we investigate how the initial temperature and the carbon fiber volume fraction affect the amplitude and wavelength of the thermal instabilities. We also extract the range of processing conditions for which the instabilities are predicted to appear. The last part of this work investigates the effect of convective heat loss on the FP-driven instabilities in both neat resin and composite cases.

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Manufacturing of unidirectional glass-fiber-reinforced composites via frontal polymerization: A numerical study

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Analytical estimates of front velocity in the frontal polymerization of thermoset polymers and composites

Analytical estimates of front velocity in the frontal polymerization of thermoset polymers and composites

Rapid synchronized fabrication of vascularized thermosets and composites

Instabilities driven by frontal polymerization in thermosetting polymers and composites

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