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This paper presents the stability analysis of Al 2 O 3 /water nanofluid. The stability is investigated with the help of zeta potential and visual inspection methods. The effects of pH and sonication time for the stability of nanofluids are studied in detail. The visual inspection method is used to calculate the stability period of nanofluids. The zeta potential is directly related to stability period of nanofluids; higher the absolute value of zeta potential, higher the stability period. The stability is also analysed by using sodium dodecyl sulphate, a surfactant, with respect to the time elapsed after the preparation of nanofluids.

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This paper addresses the control of a class of nonlinear, multivariable, high-index differentialalgebraic-equation systems with external disturbances. Initially, an algorithmic procedure is developed to derive an equivalent state-space realization of the constrained system, valid for arbitrary disturbances. Then, on the basis of the derived state-space realization, a feedforward/ feedback controller is developed to completely eliminate the effects of the measurable disturbances and induce a well-characterized input/output behavior in the constrained system. The application of the proposed control methodology is illustrated on a high-purity absorption column.