Manufacturing, characteristics and applications of auxetic foams: A state-of-the-art review

Jiang, Wei; Ren, Xin; Wang, Shi Long; Zhang, Xue Gang; Luo, Chen; Xie, Yi Min; Scarpa, Fabrizio; Alderson, Andrew; Evans, K. E.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109733

Cited by 140 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Recently, auxetic structures have been employed in various applications such as car bumper, automotive instrumental panel, fuselage of airplane, wing box, protective sport equipment, and biomedical implant and stent. [134][135][136][137] Various researchers have studied mechanical properties of various auxetic structures such as, reentrant, chiral, star-shaped, double arrowhead, and lozenge grid structures as shown in Figure 3. [138] Qiao et al [139] proposed a double arrowhead structure and assessed the mechanical properties of it under high-speed impact loading using numerical approach and found that these structures are ideal for energy absorption applications in automotive components.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Core Of Sandwich Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art review on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures

Patekar

Kale

2022

Polymer Composites

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Sandwich composite structures are widely used in various industries namely, aerospace, automotive, packaging, biomedical, civil and electronics due to their high specific strength and energy absorption capabilities. Mechanical properties of sandwich structure depend on material properties of face sheet and core, and strength of face sheet-core interface. Most commonly used composite materials are carbon fiber reinforced plastics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ceramic matrix composites, and metal matrix composites. Several researchers have used nano-fillers namely, nano-clay, carbon nanotube, and nano-silica for improvement of mechanical properties of composite structures.In this paper, an extensive literature review has been discussed regarding influence of various material and geometrical parameters on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structure. Initially, influence of various fiber reinforcement and nano-fillers on mechanical properties are discussed. Then, deformation behavior and mechanical properties of honeycomb core is elaborated.Further, influence of temperature variation on composite structure is discussed. Moreover, crucial insights on reviewed literature are presented and future advancements in the field of sandwich composite structure are discussed.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Core Of Sandwich Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art review on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures

Patekar

Kale

2022

Polymer Composites

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“…In comparison, the cells structures of the auxetic foam are more tortuous and denser. Most of the ribs of the negative Poisson's ratio foam are curved due to the uniaxial compression, resulting in the typical re-entrant cell structure of ''classical'' auxetic structures/materials [3]. The microstructures of the auxetic foams show an evident anisotropy, with more ribs oriented within the transverse plane and lower numbers of ribs along the The auxetic foam shows a more evident auxeticity along the thermoforming compression direction d 1 when loaded along the d 2 and d 3 directions.…”

Section: The Uniaxially Thermoformed Auxetic Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the seminal work of Roderic Lakes in 1987 [2], auxetic (i.e. negative Poisson's ratio) open-cell polyurethane (PU) foams have been developed and evaluated by many research groups [3]. Due to the counter-intuitive auxetic deformation and the properties of the PU material, auxetic foams show interesting mechanical properties, such as indentation resistance [4], synclastic behaviour [5], compliant shear [6,7], improved impact [8,9] and vibration [10] energy absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auxetic closed-cell foams with stiffnesses close to 10 MPa can also be produced via steam processing [21,22]. Traditional auxetic open-cell foams are, however, made from converting conventional foams into an auxetic version, through procedures involving triaxial volumetric compression, annealing via heating, cooling and relaxation [2,3,23,24]. The volumetric compression is used to create the typical re-entrant cell structures inside the foam, while the heating and cooling are used to thermoform the compressed foam via phase transition of the PU material [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hysteretic behaviour of uniaxially thermoformed auxetic foams under 3-point bending low-frequency vibration

Zhang

Scarpa

et al. 2022

Nonlinear Dyn

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The work describes experiments and models related to auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) foams subjected to low-frequency and variable amplitude 3-point bending loading. A custom 3-point bending vibration test rig is designed and used to perform the dynamic test of auxetic PU foam beams within low-frequency range (1–20 Hz) and 5 different displacement amplitudes. The auxetic foams tested in this work are manufactured using a simplified and relatively low-cost uniaxially thermoforming compression technique, which leads to the production of foams with transverse isotropic characteristics. Auxetic foam beam samples with two different cutting orientations and different thermoforming compression ratios rc (20–80%) are tested and compared, also with the use of theoretical Euler–Bernoulli-based and finite element models. The dynamic modulus of the foams increases with rc, ranging between 0.5 and 5 MPa, while the dynamic loss factor is marginally affected by the compression ratio, with overall values between 0.2 and 0.3. The auxetic PU foam has a noticeable amplitude-dependent stiffness and loss factors, while the dynamic modulus increases but slightly decreases with the frequency. The dynamic modulus is also 20–40% larger than the quasi-static one, while the dynamic and static loss factors are quite close. A modified Bouc–Wen model is also further developed to capture the amplitude and frequency-dependent properties of the conventional and auxetic foams with different volumetric compression ratios. The model shows a good agreement with the experimental results.

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“…Accordingly, due to this unique behavior, auxetic structures have been considered for a wide range of smart and functional devices including smart antennas, stretchable sensors, protective equipment, and in many other applications from the fields of nanotechnology and biomedicine to defense and aerospace. Despite these advantages, the complex designs of auxetic structures pose difficulties in manufacturing, and hence have limited their industrial applications [10]. Many theoretical studies have been conducted on auxetic lattice structures including topol-ogy optimization and design [11][12][13] and mechanical behavior evaluation [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LPBF Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Obtained by Graded Density and Hybrid Poisson’s Ratio

et al. 2022

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The additive manufacturing (AM) of innovative lattice structures with unique mechanical properties has received widespread attention due to the capability of AM processes to fabricate freeform and intricate structures. The most common way to characterize the additively manufactured lattice structures is via the uniaxial compression test. However, although there are many applications for which lattice structures are designed for bending (e.g., sandwich panels cores and some medical implants), limited attention has been paid toward investigating the flexural behavior of metallic AM lattice structures with tunable internal architectures. The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the flexural behavior of AM Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with graded density and hybrid Poisson’s ratio (PR). Four configurations of lattice structure beams with positive, negative, hybrid PR, and a novel hybrid PR with graded density were manufactured via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM process and tested under four-point bending. The manufacturability, microstructure, micro-hardness, and flexural properties of the lattices were evaluated. During the bending tests, different failure mechanisms were observed, which were highly dependent on the type of lattice geometry. The best response in terms of absorbed energy was obtained for the functionally graded hybrid PR (FGHPR) structure. Both the FGHPR and hybrid PR (HPR) structured showed a 78.7% and 62.9% increase in the absorbed energy, respectively, compared to the positive PR (PPR) structure. This highlights the great potential for FGHPR lattices to be used in protective devices, load-bearing medical implants, and energy-absorbing applications.

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Manufacturing, characteristics and applications of auxetic foams: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 140 publications

References 193 publications

State of the art review on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures

State of the art review on mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures

Hysteretic behaviour of uniaxially thermoformed auxetic foams under 3-point bending low-frequency vibration

LPBF Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Obtained by Graded Density and Hybrid Poisson’s Ratio

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