Manufacturing and testing in reactor relevant conditions of brazed plasma facing components of the ITER divertor

Interfacial Microstructure and Shear Strength of Brazed Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy Cylinder and Cylindrical Hole by Au Based Solder

“…It is known that several welding methods are widely used for fabrication of copper and its alloys, such as laser welding, ion beam welding, tungsten arc inert gas welding, metal arc inert gas welding, and brazing [4,5]. Kaya et al [6] have developed a new procedure by adding an external electrical current to the conventional diffusion welding for austenitic stainless steel and copper materials.…”

Design of the hypervapotron module for the EAST device

“…In the fusion devices, the heat flux from the plasma, onto the PFC (plasma facing component) is a critical limitation to increase the plasma parameters and fusion efficiency; though a lot of engineering methods are developed, including Armor material with high melting temperature, new welding technique between the armor and the heat sink, as well as new cooling concept [3][4][5][6], so far there is still a great gap between the cooling power and the physical target; the biggest fusion project, the ITER requires 30 MW/m 2 heat flux density as its divertor load specification [1], but a conservative theoretical estimation is 140 MW/m 2 [2]. Therefore, great efforts must be performed to protect the PFC, the hypervapotron concept is a promising way.…”

Fabrication and characterization of tungsten and graphite based PFC for divertor target elements of ITER like tokamak application

“…divertor target and dome, is an important area of interest in tokamak plasma fusion research [1][2][3][4][5]. Joining of plasma facing materials i.e.…”

“…Poor wettability is additional difficulty for carbon to Cu/CuCrZr joints. To overcome these problems, various solutions are reported in the literature such as surface treatment of carbon to increase the wettability of the surface using special laser treatment called AMC (Active Metal Casting) technology developed by Plansee AG [6], surface modification of CFC using Cr slurry by solid state reaction [7], use of carbon fibre reinforced Cu-Ti activate brazing alloy on CFC surface developed by Ansaldo Ricerche [8], and use of TiCuNi brazing alloy to activate CFC surface for Cu casting [9] by ENEA. Several joining technologies and methods such as brazing, hot iso-static pressing (HIPing), hot radial pressing, electron beam welding, diffusion bonding, have been developed for the fabrication of PFCs [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”