Manufacturing and supply of face shields in hospital operation in case of unclear and confirmed COVID-19 infection status of patients

Neijhoft, Jonas; Viertmann, Tobias; Meier, Simon; Söhling, Nicolas; Wicker, Sabine; Henrich, Dirk; Marzi, Ingo

doi:10.1007/s00068-020-01392-3

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They are a head-worn frame with a clear plastic sheet to protect the user's face from direct contamination via sprays and splashes [4,13,23,60]. Another requirements are that they must be easy to disinfect, comfortable during long periods, durable and allow additional PPE wearing [61]. It is important to remark that in highly infectious situations the face shield must be used with additional PPE equipment [4,61].…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another requirements are that they must be easy to disinfect, comfortable during long periods, durable and allow additional PPE wearing [61]. It is important to remark that in highly infectious situations the face shield must be used with additional PPE equipment [4,61]. The frame consists of a simple geometry that can easily be 3D printed [53,56,61,62].…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to remark that in highly infectious situations the face shield must be used with additional PPE equipment [4,61]. The frame consists of a simple geometry that can easily be 3D printed [53,56,61,62]. A further approach uses SLA to produce a hollow frame to be used with an external airflow, defogging the visor and preventing ambient air from entering [63].…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some material of choice are polycarbonate, Propionate, acetate, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) [60]. An elastic band may be suitable in some models [61,64]. The face shield design must cover the sides of the face and below the chin [59].…”

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of 3D printing during COVID-19 pandemic: a review

et al. 2020

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread through more than 180 countries, leading to diverse health systems overload around the world. Because of the high number of patients and the supply chain disruption, it generated a shortage of medical devices and personal protective equipment. In this context, initiatives from the additive manufacturing community emerged to fight the lack of devices. Diverse designs were produced and are currently being used in hospitals by patients and health workers. However, as some devices must follow strict standards, these products may not fulfill these standards. Therefore, to ensure the user's health, there is a need for understanding each device, their usage, and standards. This study reviews the use of additive manufacturing during COVID-19 pandemic. It gathers the source of several 3D printed devices such as face shields, face masks, valves, nasopharyngeal swabs, and others, discussing their use and regulatory issues. In this regard, the major drawbacks of the technology, addressed for the next pandemic scenario, are highlighted. Finally, some insights of the future of additive manufacturing during emergency are given and discussed.

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Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Personal Protective Equipment-ppementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of 3D printing during COVID-19 pandemic: a review

et al. 2020

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“…Many countries around the world have used the FDM process to produce cost-effective medical face shields [35][36][41][42][43][44][45][46]. However, due to process' heterogeneity, some devices have been produced with no standardized procedure or medical approval.…”

Section: Design and Usabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass-production and Distribution of Medical Face Shields Using Additive Manufacturing and Injection Molding Process for Healthcare System Support During COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Kunkel

Vasques

Perfeito

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Face shields have been adopted worldwide as personal protective equipment for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This device provides a transparent facial physical barrier reducing the exposure to aerosol particles. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most applied process of additive manufacturing due to its usability and low-cost. The injection molding (IM) is the fastest process for mass production. This study is the first to perform a qualitative comparison between the use of FDM and IM processes for mass production and rapid distribution of face shields in a pandemic. The design of the face shield and tests were conducted in prototyping cycles based on requirements of medical, Brazilian standards, manufacturing, and production. The FDM face shields manufacturing was carried out by a volunteer network, and the IM manufacturing was carried out by companies. The volunteers produced 35,000 medical face shields through the FDM process with daily delivery to several hospitals. A total of 80,000 face shields was produced by the IM process and delivered to remote Brazilian regions. The mass production of 115,000 face shields protected health professionals from public hospitals in all states of Brazil. In a pandemic, both FDM and IM processes are suitable for mass production of face shields. Once a committed network of volunteers is formed in strategic regions, the FDM process promotes a fast daily production. The IM process is the best option for large scale production of face shields and delivery to remote areas where access to 3D printing is reduced.

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